Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-surgical Nursing: Med Surg - Respiratory Flashcards

Name the structures of the upper resp tract

T/F
The purpose of the cilia is to move the mucus back to the larynx

Name the structures of the lower resp tract

Place where gas exchange takes place

Gas exchange takes place by ____________

The movement of air in and out of the airways

The floor of the thoracic cavity is the ___________

Contraction of the diaphragm and contraction of the external intercostal mm increases the space in this chamber. Lowered intrathroacic pressure causes air to enter through the airways and inflate the lungs. This process is known as ___________

The process that requires increased pressure that pushes air out of the lungs and involves elastic recoil is _________________

Inspiration is normally ______ of the resp cycle and expiration is _______.

The process of gas exchange between atm air and the blood at the alveoli, and between the blood cells and the cells of the body is ___________

The filling of the pulmonary capillaries with blood is known as ____________

Shunting occurs when there is an imbalance of ventilation and perfusion. This results in _____________.

Symptoms of hypoxia are:

#1 risk factor for lung cancer

Inspection should include:

Near death respiratory pattern is _____________

Characterized as 3-4 irregular breaths then a period of apnea is what breathing pattern?

Fruity acetone breath and an increase in rate and depth is known as what breathing pattern?

Grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue.

When doing a resp assessment, palpate:

When doing a resp assessment, auscultate for:

Normal breath sounds:

Abnormal (adventitious) sounds:

T/F
Wheezes are considered a normal breath sound.

Lung Capacity

air volume of each breath

Lung Capacity

max vol that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Lung Capacity

max vol that is exhaled after a normal exhalation

Lung Capacity

the max vol of air exhaled from a maximal inspiration

This instrument measures vol of air exhaled and i used to assess lung capacities.

This rate reflects maximal expiratory flow and is frequently done by pt using a home spirometer

This force evaluates the effort of the pt in making an inspiration

Normal inspiratory pressure is __________
Force less than ______ usually requires mechanical ventilation

What does arterial blood gases measure?

What is an ABG used to assess?

A noninvasive method to monitor the oxygen saturation of blood

T/F
Pulse oximetry can be used to replaced an ABG.

A mask is a form of oxygen therapy used for pt who need _____ concentrations of o2

A nasal cannula is a form of oxygen therapy that can deliver _______ L 02/minute.

When you are not sure, you should give no more than ____ L of o2.

When a pt is required to use an incentive spirometer, how often should he use it?

Which diagnostic test should be done first thing in the morning after oral care?

T/F

A consent must be signed before any invasive procedures.

What pt education should be given before undergoing a bronchoscopy?

When caring for a pt who has a drainage system, where should it be kept?

If you see air bubbles in the chest drainage system, what should you do?

A surgically created breathing hole in the neck

How often should a nurse do trach care?

When would a pt receive a tracheostomy?

What are the three parts to a tracheostomy?

Inflammation of the sinus mucosa

_____ and ______ are used to dx Sinusitis (Rhinosinusitis)

Signs and symptoms of Sinusitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes. The release of histamines cause vasodilation and edema which is what causes the symptoms of __________

S/s of bacterial rhinitis

S/s of viral rhinitis (common cold)

Inflammation of the pharynx

S/s of Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is commonly known as :

Ppl who smoke and use ETOH habitually, use their voice a lot, and are around much dust are at risk for _________ pharyngitis

Inflammation of the larynx caused by inflammation, vocal abuse, occasionally GERD

S/s of laryngitis are

T/F

Acute pharyngitis of a bacterial nature is most commonly caused by group A, beta hemolytic streptococci

Bacteria in the blood

When doing an assessment on someone with an upper resp infection, inspect the nose, neck, and throat and palpate what?

Potential complications of someone with an upper respiratory infection are: (5)

What are 5 nursing dx that were mentioned in class for upper resp infections?

How many L a day should be encouraged as an intervention for an upper resp infection?

The #1 prevention of upper airway infections is:

T/F

An early sign of cancer of the larynx in the glottic are enlarged lymph nodes.

Cancer of the larynx is most common in _______ of ages 60-70 yrs old.

Collapse or airless condition of alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to airways, or compression

Who is at high risk for atelectasis?

What type of breath sounds are common in pt who have atelectasis?

T/F

Turning a pt once per shift will prevent atelectasis.

What strategies improve ventilation?

What strategies can be used to remove secretions?

T/F

A bronchoscopy may be used to remove obstruction of the airway

When diagnosing pneumonia, a sputum culture must be taken when?

If an etologic agent of pneumonia is not identified, utilize ___________ antibiotic therapy.

What lung sound would a nurse expect to hear when listening to a pt who has pneumonia?

What coughing technique is encouraged to improve airway clearance of someone who has pneumonia?

What medical position promotes breathing?

Seizure activity, brain injury, decreased lvl of consciousness, endotracheal intubation, flat body positioning, stroke, swallowing disorder, cardiac arres are ALL RISK FACTORS FOR _______________

Aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs is a serious complication that can cause _________

When a nonfunctioning nasogastric tube allows gastric contents to accumulate in the stomach, a condition known as _________ aspiration may result

What are some ways to prevent aspiration?

S/s of TB

What is the difference between a purified protein derivitive (ppd) and quantiferon tb gold test are test?

If the PPD is positive, a person must do what type of test thereafter?

What type of room is a pt placed in and what type of mask must a nurse where when she enters the room for protection?

Inflammation of both layers of pleurae caused by URI, TB, PE, Pneumonia, and Trauma to chest

What happens during pleurisy?

Collection of fluid in pleural space - and is usually secondary to another disease. Caused by heart failure, TB, pneumonia, bronchogenic carncinoma

Pt who are diagnosed with pleural effusion may have __________ deviation

Accumulation of THICK, PURULENT fluid in pleural space

Emphysema usually occurs as a complication of ________ pneumonia or lung abcess

Characterized by sudden, progressive pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral lung infiltrates on CXR, hypoxemia refractory to ox2 therapy, decreased lung compliance

ARDS is severe form of acute lung injury and most pts are sent to __________

What are the symptoms of ARDS

ARDS pts require ____________

obstruction of pulmonary artery or branch by blood clot, air, fat, amniotic fluid, or septic thrombus

The first s/s of a pulmonary embolism is _________

When diagnosing a pulmonary embolism, it should be confirmed with a ___________

T/F

Bradypnea is the most common sign for a possible pulmonary embolism

Occupational lung disease that causes death to 124,846 ppl in the US

Lung Cancer

Small cell and large cell grow ________; whereas, adenocarcinoma does not.

What is the most common surgery for a small apparently curable tumor of the lung?

Spontaneous pneumothroax is most commonly seen in __________ pts

The trachea is not midline is this type of pneumothorax

In this type of pneumothorax,air enters and can't leave so pressure is built up

Commons s/s of pneumothorax are:

Best treatment for pneumothorax is __________ and ___

Tension pneumothorax s/s are:

T/F

An initial characteristic symptom of a simple pneumothorax is a sudden onset of chest pain

Characterized by airflow limitation that is not full reversible (GOLD)

T/F

COPD is currently the 4th leading cause of death and the 12th leading cause of disability

COPD includes what two diseases or a combo of ?

Characterized by the presence of a cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

What types of respiratory sounds would a nurse expect to hear in a pt who has chronic bronchitis?

T/F

For pt with chronic bronchitis, the nurse expects to see the major clinical symptoms of tachypnea and tachycardia

Abnormal distention of air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles with destruction of the walls of the alveoli

Decreased alveolar surface area causes an increase in ______ and impaired oxygen diffusion

Increased pulmonary artery pressure may cause ____________ heart failure

A pt with emphysema will present what type of chest due to air trapping?

What is the primary clinical symptom of emphysema?

Typical posture of someone who has COPD is

Leading cause of COPD

T/F

A commonly prescribed methyxanthinine is theophylline.

A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucous production.

The most chronic disease of childhood

The strongest prediposing factor to asthma is ________

Severe, sustained asthma is called _________

You must rinse your mouth after using this long acting medication for asthma to avoid getting thrush

Singulair is this type of medication

What type of breathing technique should a person with asthma use?

The most common fatal autosomal recessive disease AMONG CAUCASIAN population

Characterized by thick, viscous secretions of sputum making it hard to breathe, __________ is key!