Psychology: AP Psychology Chapter 3 Flashcards

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Failing to notice changes in the environment

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a comas, general anesthesia, or hibernation

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a person's mind; notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden content)

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; block the actions of serotonin

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Your ability to attend to only one voice among many

Failing to notice the effects of choice blindness

Sleep that appears to be deep but that is characterized by a brain wave pattern similar to that of wakefulness, rapid eye movements, and heavier breathing

Sleep-inducing chemical