Place the structures below in the proper sequence that the glomerular filtrate would pass through them.
1. Loop of nephron (Loop of Henle)
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

The kidneys usually receive

Which of the following structures would normally contain red blood cells ?
Bowman's capsule
Loop of nephron
Proximal convoluted tubule
Glomerulus
All of the above

The cells of the distal convoluted tubule which monitor changes in urine volume and osmolarity are called the

Which gland sits atop each kidney ?

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because

The function and structural unit of the kidneys is

The filtration membrane includes all but
Renal fascia
Glomerular endothelium
Basement membrane
Podocytes

The uptake of substances from the kidney tubules back to the blood is known as

Water leaves the nephron by

When ADH levels in the plasma are low, the collecting tubules are

Which of the following is not true ?
The kidneys can maintain a fairly constant filtration pressure if there are systemic pressure fluctuations.
Arterioles lead to and from the glomerulus.
Blood in the kidneys goes through 2 capillary beds.
All of the above are true.

The term that is used to indicate how well kidneys are able to remove a substance from the blood is

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determines the amount of glomerular filtrate formed per minute. This rate is influenced, either directly or indirectly, by
Cardiac output (CO)
Blood pressure in the glomerulus (BP)
Bowman's capsule pressure (BCP)
Osmotic pressure of plasma proteins (BOP)
All of the above

The main overall function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus is to

A substance which causes an increase in urine output would be classified as a/an

If a drug given which inhibits sodium reabsorption by blocking the action of aldosterone, what effect will it likely have on blood potassium levels ?

If a substance has a high renal clearance (higher that inulin), it probably is

If glucose is not reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule, what happens to it ?

When uric acid or calcium salts precipitate out of urine, they may form stones. The medical term for these are

ADH secretion is inhibited by

A buildup of waste products in the blood that should be excreted by the kidneys is called

Glomerular filtration is selective in terms of a particle's

The blood vessels that surround all parts of the renal tubule are called the

What would be the immediate effect of decreased cardiac output (less blood being pumped) on glomerular filtration rate (assuming no other compensation) ?

What would be the immediate effect of constriction of the afferent arteriole on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ?

Which of the following regions of the nephron is most likely to be found in the renal medulla ?

If the Tmax (transport maximum) for a particular amino acid is 120 mg/mL and the concentration of that amino acid in the filtrate is 230 mg/mL, the amino acid

The renal clearance of glucose is normally zero. This is because

Urine passes through the

The function of angiotensin II is to

A dilute urine is formed when the

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is produced ______ and it converts _______.

The vessel that carries blood from the abdominal aorta to the kidney is the

All blood cells begin as the same type of cell called a

The average life span of an erythrocyte is normally about

During the first trimester of fetal life, erythropoiesis occurs in the

The heme (ring) portion of the hemoglobin of broken down blood cells is converted to a straight chain compound called

A condition that is common in premature infants and in Rh incompatibility situations in which the erythrocytes are very weak and leads to a build-up of bilirubin in the blood is

A hemocrit of 45% indicates

Healthy adults normally have about how many red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood ?

Healthy adults normally have about how many white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood ?

Normally, the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

The type of leukocyte which becomes a mast cell when it enters the tissues are the (according to some sources, these leukocytes may just be very similar to mast cells)

A high white blood cell count is called

What do white blood cells have that red blood cells do not have ?

Acute bacterial infection and tissue destruction is usually characterized by an increase in the number of

The leukocyte which is believed to ingest and destroy antigen-antibody complexes is the

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

The engulfment of foreign organisms by certain types of blood cells is known as

The first step of coagulation can begin either from factors within the blood or outside the blood. The pathway that is triggered when blood comes in contact with connective tissue or any time thromboplastin is released is called

Regardless of the pathway used in step one of blood coagulation, the product is the same. This product is

Most of the clotting factors require which element to do their job ?