The relationship between biology and behavior is best described as
biology influences behavior and behavior influences biology
watching a favorite sports team lose
may decrease a man's testosterone levels
during mummification, early Egyptians' discarded the
brain
which of the following thinkers correctly identified the brain as the source of intelligence?
Hippocrates
Descartes mind-body dualism is defined as a philosophical view that considers
mind and body to be two separate entities
the notion of neural communication via fluids was abandoned in response to the work of
Galvani and du Bois-Reymond
The effects of electrical stimulation of the nervous system were observed by
Galvani and du Bois-Reymond
Localization of function in the brain became established in large part due to the work of
Broca, Fritisch and Hitzig
THe study of microscopic structures and tissues is known as
histology
"fixing" tissue to be view refers to
preserving the tissue by freezing or use of fermalin
to observe fiber pathways within a sample of tissue, the best stain is probably a
myelin stain
if you want to locate a pathways' point of origin, on of the best stains is probably
horseradish peroxidase stain
drawbacks to CT technology for research include
increased risk to the participant from exposure to xrays
PET scans were made possible by the development of
the gamma camera
drawback to PET csans include
participants exposure to radioactive substances
In MRI technology magnetism is used to align
hydrogen atoms
in MRI technology, the area of the body to be imaged is exposed to
radio frequency pulses
A field potential is the
recorded activity of multiple cells
EEG recordings
primarily reflect the activity of clls near the surface fo the brain
The scalp, skull bones, and membranes covering the brain
block the brains electrical output more than its magnetic output
SQUID sensors are used in
magnetoencepholography (MEG)
Wilder Penfield and Robert Heath used which o the following techniques with their humanparticipants>
Electrical stimulation
Ratbots can be remote controlled by electrically stimulating
directional and reward centers of the brain
Reversible lesions are produced by applying
cold
the "Common RUle" refers to
a set of ethical standards for research shared by 17 federal agencies
Federal ethical guidelines apply to:
projects and institutions receiving federal support only
You want to do a study examining the effects of advertising on young children during Saturday morning cartoons. Which of the following is the first step you will need to take?
Write up a complete description of the proposed project and submit if to the human subjects review committee at the university you are attending
The correct ordering of layers of the meninges from the skull to the brain is
dura mater, arachnoid layer, pia mater
Which layers of the meninges are found in the periphal mervous system
pia mater and dura mater only
Cerebospinal fluid may be found in the
the ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord
the blood supply to the brain is provided by the
carotid and vertebral artieries
if you go to the doctor with a temperature, horrible headache, and a stiff neck why might the doctor suggest a spinal tap?
The cerebrospinal fluid may tell the doctor if there is any evidence of meningitis or encephalitis
Why would the doctor want to do a spinal tap if she suspected that you had an infection of the brain
because the cerebrospinal of the spinal cord is continuous with the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain
running down the center of the spinal cord is the
central canal
Spinal neurons that pass motor information to the body's muscles may be found in
the ventral horns of the spinal cord
A person with cervical spinal cord damage is known as a __________, and experiences loss of sensation and motor control in _______________.
Quadriplegic; the arms and legs
The reticular formation is located
In the medulla, pond and midbrain
Autism is frequently associated with abnormalities in the
Cerebellum
Which of the following structures participates in our experience of pain?
Periaqueductal gray
The release of hormones by the pituitary gland is regulated primarily by the
Hypothalamus
The caudate nucleus, globes pallid us, and put amen make up the
Basal ganglia
Lesions on which of the following areas usually produce rage and attack behaviors
The septal areas
The bumps or ridges of the cerebral cortex are known as
Gyri
A particularly large sulcus is known as
A fissure
Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the
Parietal lones
Primary visual cortex is located in the
Occipital lobes
For the vast majority of the population which of the following functions are localized to the left hemisphere
Language
Which peripheral nerves enter and exit the brain itself
Cranial nerves
Internal stimuli such as the arrival of food in the digestive system normally activve
The parasympathetic nervous system
Salivation and digestion are inhibited during activation of
The sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is a consequence of sympathetic nervous system activity
Increased heart rat
Broca's area
Frontal left lobe that affects language productions
Wernickes area
Located in the cerebral context; pertaining to speech
demonstrated that sensory and motor info travels in separate pathways
Bell and Magendie law
The cranial nerve nuclei is located:
in the medulla, pons, and midbrain
The cerebellum is associated with
coordination and cognition
the medulla is associated with
arousal
the following structures are associated with motor skills
the red nucleus and the substanita nigra
The hippocampus is associated with
formation of memories
the following structures are associated with sleep
raphe nucleus & locus nucleus
this represents the prehistoric understanding of the brains role in behavior
trepanation
The light microscope was invented by
Leewenhoek
THis individual developed new staining techniques allowing us to see the structure of single neurons
Golgi
Cajal believed
that the nervous system consisted of a vast array of separate nerve cells
Supporting his Neuron Doctrin this person was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906
Cajal
______________ proposed that the nervous system acted as a hierarchy
Hughlings-Jackson
Simon LeVay studied ___________
INAH-3 upon the autopsy of gay men with Aids
CT Scanners use _________ to produce high resolution images of ________ like the brain
x-ray; soft tissue
This was the first technique to provide information about brain activity
PET
This type of technology allows to view very high resolution images of the brain, but is having an increasing affect on behavior:
MRI's
This is used to study the states of consciousness and seizures
EEG
responses to environmental stimuli; useful in studying perception
Evoked Potentials
This disease is the genetic degenerative disease that affects motor control____________, where as __________ is the environmental counterpart.
Huntingtons; Parkinsons
__________ or ___________ are located toward the head
rostral;anterior
________or___________ are located towards the tail
posterior;caudal
__________or___________ are located toward the back
dorsal;superior
__________or __________ are located toward the belly
ventral; inferior
___________sections divide the brain from front to back
coronal
__________ sections are parallel to the midline and give us a side view of the brain
sagittal
_________or _______ sections divide the brain from top to bottom
axial;horizontal
the sensory relay station
thalamus
related to major drives
hypothalamus
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal are all parts of the
spinal cord
This lobe is responsible for motivation, personality, cognitive tasks such as judgment
Frontal
This lobe is responsible for processing tangible stimuli
parietal
This lobe is responsible for processing visual stimulation
occipital
This lobe is responsible for language comprehension and auditory
Temporal
What lobe did Phineas Gage damage most severely
Frontal
Which Nervous system is responsible for managing vital function without conscious effort?
ANS
Which Nervous System is responsible for stimulus response and physiological changes
PNS
Which Nervous system is responsible for information processing and consists of the brain and spinal cord?
CNS