What is matter?
anything that has mass and occupies space
What are the 3 stages of mass?
solid, liquid and gas
What is energy?
capacity to work or put matter into motion
Kinetic energy is what kind of energy?
it is the action
Potential energy is what kind of energy?
it is stored (inactive) energy
What is chemical energy?
stored in bonds of chemical substances
What is electrical energy?
results from movement of charged particles
What is mechanical energy?
directly involved in moving matter
What is radiany or electromagnetic energy?
travels in waves (e.g. visible light, ultraviolet light, and x-ray)
What are elements?
* matter is made up of elements.
* elements cannot be broken into simpler substances
* each has unique properties
How to write an Atomic symbol?
one-two letter chemical shorthand for each element (example: Fe)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen are make up what percent of the human body?
96.1%
How many elements make up 3.9% of the human body mass?
9 elements
How many elements make up <0.01% of the human body mass and part of enzymes?
11 elements
Atoms are composed of subatomic particles, what are they?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
True or False neutrons have a positive charge and a mass of one atomic mass.
False, neutrons have no charge
True or False protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1 amu and are responsible for the identity of the element.
True
True or False electrons have a positive charge and a negligible mass
False, electrons have a negative
Is this a Planetary model or an Orbital model?
Planetary model
Is this a Planetary model or an Orbital model?
Orbital model
Different elements contain different numbers of subatomic particles what does Hydrogen have?
1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron
Different elements contain different numbers of subatomic particles what does Lithium have?
3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons
Different elements contain different numbers of subatomic particles what does Helium have?
2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons
Which of the following statements are FALSE?
1. The Atomic number is located in the upper left
corner.
2. The symbol always one capitalized letter and
one lower case letter.
3. The weight is located at the bottom of the
square.
4. The name of the element is written under the
symbol.
5. All the above
6. None of the above
2. The symbol always one capitalized letter and
one lower case letter.
What are Radioisotopes?
heavy isotopes decompose to more stable forms.
large atoms
can be detected with scanners
Most _____ chemically combined with other atoms to form ___________and compounds.
atoms
molecules
What am I?
I have 2 or more atoms bonded together. I am the smallest particle of a compound with specific characteristics of the compound.
I am a molecule
What am I?
I have 2 or more different kinds of atoms bonded together. If the attraction is electrostatic it is an ionic bond if it is formed by shared electron pairs it is covalent.
I am a compound
Most matter exists as ________.
mixtures
What are three types of mixtures?
solutions
colloids
suspensions
What is the Mixture:
* Homogeneous mixtures that are uniform
throughout.
* Gases, liquids, or solids dissolved in water.
* Usually transparent.
Solutions
What is the Mixture:
* Heterogeneous mixtures
* Example is blood
* Large visible settles out
Suspensions
What is the Mixture:
* Heterogeneous mixture
* Cytosol
* Large particle do not settle out
* some undergo sol-gel transformations
Colliods (AKA emulsions)
Is this picture a example of:
a. Colloid mixture?
a. Suspension mixture
b. Solution mixture
d. none of the above
b. Solution mixture
Is this picture a example of:
a. Colloid mixture?
a. Suspension mixture
b. Solution mixture
d. none of the above
a. Colloid mixture?
Is this picture a example of:
a. Colloid mixture?
a. Suspension mixture
b. Solution mixture
d. none of the above
b. Solution mixture
Is this Mixtures or Compounds:
* no chemical bonding between compounds
* can be separated by physical means
* Heterogeneous or homogeneous
Mixtures
Is this Mixtures or Compounds:
* chemical bonding between compounds
* can be separated only by breaking bonds
* all are homogeneous
Compounds
What are chemical bonds?
energy relationships between electrons of reacting atoms.
What element is being described here:
* stable and unreactive
* valence shell fully occupied or contains 8
electrons
* Noble gasses
Helium
What are the Chemically reactive elements?
(there are of them)
What are the Chemically Inert Elements?
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen are what types of bonds?
Chemical
Man made rubber is an example of what kind of chemical bond?
Covalent
Table salt is an example of what kind of chemical bond?
Ionic
Changeable bonds is what chemical bond?
Hydrogen
The above picture is an diagram of table salt. What compound is this?
Ionic Compound
Formed by sharing of 2 or more valence shell electrons, double triple. Allows each atom to fill its valence shell at least part of the time. What type of bond is this?
Covalent Bond
TRUE or FALSE
Polar Covalent Bonds are electrons shared equally. Produces electrically balanced. polar. An example is dry ice.
False, this is a Nonpolar Covalent Bond
TRUE or FALSE
Polar Covalent Bonds are unequal sharing of electrons produces polar (AKA dipole) molcules such as H2O (very important in water).
True
Is the above picture is which of the following:
a. water
b. oxygen
c. potassium
a. water
Out of the 3 categories which one likes to share and does not fight?
Nonpolar covalent bond
Out of the 3 categories which one is big and mean?
Ionic bond
Out of the 3 categories which one is slightly negative?
Polar covalent bond
Not a true bond. Common between dipoles such as water. Also act as intramolecular bonds, holding a large molecule in a 3D shape. What kind of bond is this?
Hydrogen Bond
Why is the water strider able to walk on the water without the surface of the water breaking?
because of the strength of the hydrogen bonds
TRUE OR FALSE
Synthesis Reaction is an Anabolic. Smaller particles are bonded together to form larger, more complex molecules.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Decomposition reactions are the same as synthesis reactions. Bonds are broken in smaller molecules, resulting in bigger and more complex molecules. Involve breaking of bonds and are Anabolic.
FALSE, Decomposition reactions are the reverse of synthesis reactions. Bonds are broken in larger molecules, resulting in smaller and less complex molecules. Involve breaking of bonds and are Catabolic.
TRUE OR FALSE
Exchange reaction also called displacement reactions are both synthesis and decomposition. Bonds are both made and broken.
TRUE
Electron donors lose electrons and are oxidized and electron acceptors receive electrons and become reduced is which kind of reaction?
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reaction
All chemical reactions are either exergonic or endergonic. Which one are examples of a cold pack? It also absorbs energy.
endergonic reactions
All chemical reactions are either exergonic or endergonic. Which one are examples of a hot pack, and foot/hand warmers? It also gives off energy.
Exergonic reactions
What is the meaning of Biochemistry?
the study of chemical composition and reaction of living matter.
TRUE or FALSE
All chemicals are either organic or inorganic.
TRUE
Stomach acid is an example of organic or inorganic compound?
inorganic compound
(water, salts and many acids and bases)
Orange Juice is an example of organic or inorganic compound?
organic compound
What is high heat capacity?
absorbs and releases large amounts of heat before changing temperature
What is high heat vaporization?
changing from a liquid to a gas requires large amounts of heat
What is polar solvent properties?
dissolves anything
What is the number for pH neutral?
7
What are buffers?
it is a hard compound. abrupt and large swings in the pH of the body fluids. carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in the blood stream.
Molecules unique to living systems contain carbon and hence are organic compounds what are they?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
In the above picture choose which Organic Compound best describes the picture.
a. Lipids
b. Nucleic Acids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
Which Lipid modified triglycerides with 2 fatty acid groups?
Phospholipids
TRUE or FALSE
Steroids and Elcosanoids are other types of Lipids?
TRUE
What are the representative lipids found in the body?
neutral fats
phospholipids
steroids
What are amino acids?
building blocks of protein, containing an amino group and a carboxyl group
What are proteins?
macromolecules composed of combinations of 20 types of amino acids bound together with peptide bonds.
Amino acid sequence what structural level of proteins is this?
Primary
Alpha helices or beta pleated sheets what structural level of proteins is this?
Superimposed folding of secondary structures, what structural level of proteins is this?
Tertiary
Polypeptide chins linked together in a specific manner, what structural level of proteins is this?
Quaternary
What is the characteristics of an Enzyme?
most are globular proteins that acts as biological catalysts
What is an example of enzymes?
meat tenderizers
What are nucleic acids?
composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus
What are the 5 nitrogen bases?
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
uracil (U)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid stands for what?
DNA, double-stranded helical molecule.
Ribonucleic Acids stands for what?
RNA, single stranded molecule. found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell.
Adenosine Triphosphate stands for what?
ATP