Pharmacology Test 2, Chapter 7
College: Third year
Ethnocentrism is
defined as the widespread human tendency to precieve the ways of doing things in ones own culture as normal and natrual and the ways of other cultures as strange, inferior, or possibly even unnatural or inhuman
The concept of transcultural nursing was formalized by ___________a nurse antropologist who founded the ____________ in 1974.
Madeleine Leininger; Transcultural Nursing Society
Traditional Health Practices include...
the use of teas, herbs, spices, and special foods as well as homeopathic remedies, poultices, and ointments
Assimilation
occurs when a less powerful group changes its ways to blend in with the dominate cultural group
Pharmacogetnetics
the effect of a drug that varies from the predicted response due to genetic factors
The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Developed by Giger and Davidhizar in 2008, postulates that all cultures have 6 cultural phenomena
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
1)Communication
2)Space
3)Social Organization
4)Time
5)Environmental Control
6)Biological Variations
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Communication
occurs verbally and nonverbally, must be alert to different types of comunication styles among clients
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Space
Americans often desire a great deal of personal space. In other cultures, population density may dictate limited personal space.
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Social Organization
Groups are organized according to a social order that is perceived to facilitate the functioning of the group
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Time
Largely shaped by culture. Some are primarily present time oriented, others are more concerend with the future
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Time : Future-Oriented
perception of time are more likely to be concerned with long term health outcomes
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Time : Present-Oriented
Perception of time are more likely to discontinue mainstream prescriptive therapies when they perceive that they are well
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Environmental Control
The concept of "nature" may include otherworldly forces or beings, such as deities and spirits.
The 6 Cultural Phenomena:
Biologic Variations
There is evidence that certain classifications of medications have different effects in individuals whose genetics markers are predominantly characteristics. Differences in skin structure and physiology can affect response to dermatologic and topically applies products.
Peoples of European Descent: Communication Styles
*prefer direct eye contact
*use moderate to loud vocal volume
*use many words to describe symptoms
*uncomfortable with periods of silence
Peoples of European Descent: Perception of Time
*Primarily future oriented
*secondarily present oriented
Peoples of European Descent: Biological Variations
*poor metabolizers of tricyclic anti-depressants and isoniazed (INH), which can lead to toxicity
Peoples of African Descent:
Communication Styles
*prefer direct eye contact
*use moderate to lud vocal volume
*uncomfortable with periods of silence
Peoples of European Descent:
Perception of Time
*primarily present oriented
*secondarily future oriented
Peoples of European Descent:
Biologic Variations
*May have diminished therapeutic effects from beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Peoples of Latin American Descent and Native Americans:
Communication Styles
*Not likely to make direct eye contact with persons perceived to be in authoritative positions
*Varying degrees of comfort with silence
Peoples of Latin American Descent and Native Americans:
Perception of Time
*primarily present oriented
*secondarily future oriented
Peoples of Latin American Descent and Native Americans:
Biologic Variations
*Native Americans have high incidence of latose intolerance resulting in low calcium diets
*Also exhibit enhanced vasomotor responses(nerve response)to alcohol
Peoples of Asian Descent: Communication Styles
*not likely to make direct eye contact with persons perceived to be in authoritavie positions
*use low vocal volume
*comfortable with periods of silence
Peoples of Asian Descent: Perception of Time
*primarily present oriented
*secondarily future oriented
*some groups are past oriented
Peoples of Asian Descent: Biologic Variations
*May have diminished therapeutic effects from codeine
*Are rapid metabolizers of isoniazid (INH)
Include significant members of the _______ in the planning and implementaion of the clients' care
social group
Recognize the need for clients to__________in their environment
exercise control
True or False
You can incorporate traditional health practices with your care.
True; Incorporate nonharmful traditional health practices with main stream prescriptive therapies when appropriate.
The delivery of nursing care can be enhanced by including _____ whenever appropriate.
the family
True or False
Translators should be used whenever possible.
True, however one may not be readily avaiable
Vernacular English is
any style of English that varies from standard English
The roles of the _____ and ______ ______ can be benifical in health care settings.
healers; spiritual advisors
Complementary Health Practices are...
practices that combine traditional beliefs and mainstream health practices