A friend of yours has been experiencing severe stomach & intestinal distress for a few months. She is 35 YO & is employed as an advertisement salesperson for a local newspaper. During the past year, she has been pressured to create more income for her department. When you ask her if she has sought medical treatment, she responds, "I don't have the time to go to the doctor." In addition to her job responsibilities, she is a single parent of a grade school child who enjoys several after-school activities.
a. What Physical & lifestyle factors are present in this situation?
b. What initial responses/interventions may be helpful for this individual?
a. This is an individual entering her middle adult years who is experiencing stress in her personal & professional life. She is being called upon by her employer & her child to meet their expectations, and she believes that this does not allow her the time to meet her health needs. The symptoms of gastrointestinal distress may be a response to the pressures in her life.
b. Initially the nurse may spend time in this patient to discuss the patient's personal feelings & needs. The patient may benefit from instruction in stress reduction & relaxation techniques, along w/a review of time management. The nurse may investigate w/her if there are support people at work & in the neighborhood to assist her in keeping up w/her busy schedule. This individual also may be assisted in making an appointment for medical follow-up to determine her current health status.
A person's definition & interpretation of symptoms & use of the health care system
Illness behavior
A belief that patients have the authority to be active participants in determining their health & well-being.
Holistic health
Longer than 6 months' duration
Chronic illness
A subjective concept of physical appearance
Internal variables
Developmental stage, intellectual background, emotional & spiritual factors
Internal variables
Short term & severe
Acute illness
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs & behaviors
Health belief model
True/False
Health is the absence of disease.
False
Identify at least one health promotion concern for older adults.
Nutrition
Place Maslow's hierarchy of needs in order of priority from the lowest to highest level.
Love & belongingness
Self-esteem
Physiological needs
Self-actualization
Safety needs
In order of importance:
1. Physiological needs
2. Safety needs
3. Love & belongingness
4. Self-esteem
5. Self-actualization
What is the #1 (most important step in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs
In Maslow's Hierarchy of needs does Love & belongingness come before Self-esteem?
Yes
*Think about it, it would be hard to have self esteem if you were not loved and had no place of belonging.
Identify whether the following are internal or external variables that influence health & practices.
*Financial status
External
Identify whether the following are internal or external variables that influence health & practices.
Family health behaviors
External
Identify whether the following are internal or external variables that influence health & practices.
*Cognitive abilities
Internal
Identify whether the following are internal or external variables that influence health & practices.
* Cultural values
External
What is an example of a positive health behavior?
Exercise
What is an example of a negative health behavior?
Smoking
Identify all of the external variables that may influence a person's illness behavior. Select all that apply.
a. Visibility of symptoms
b. Disruption of normal routine
c. Accessibility of the health care system
d. Acuity of the illness
e. Cultural background
f. Economics
a. Visibility of Symptoms
c. Accessibility of the health care system
e. Cultural background
f. Economics
Is Visibility of symptoms an external variable that may influence a person's illness behavior?
Yes
Choose best answer-
Is ____________ an external variable that may influence a person's illness behavior?
-Acuity of illness
-Economics
Economics
At the tertiary level of prevention, a nurse would prepare an educational program for a group requiring:
1. Chemotherapy
2. Cardiac rehabilitation
3. Genetic screening
4. Sex education
Cardiac rehabilitation
At the secondary level of prevention, what is the intervention that a nurse expects to assist with or provide instructions for?
Performance of a biopsy
A nurse is working w/a patient who is experiencing chronic joint pain. To assist the patient to manage or reduce the pain, the nurse decides to use a holistic health approach. With this in mind, the nurse specifically elects to include:
1. Aroma therapy
2. Wound care
3. Hygienic care measures
4. Analgesic medications
Aroma therapy
A nurse is completing an assessment for a patient who has gone to a medical clinic. Variables that influence the patient's health beliefs & practices are being determined. The nurse is aware that an internal variable for this patient is the:
1. Way in which the patient celebrates family occasions.
2. Manner in which the patient deals w/stress on the job & at home
3. Frequency of the family's visit to the health care agency
4. Amount of insurance coverage that is provided by the patient's employer
Manner in which the patient deals w/stress on the job & at home
A nurse recognizes that primary prevention is a critical aspect in health care. The target group for a program on hand hygiene for this level of prevention is a critical aspect in health care. The target group for a program on hand hygiene for this level of prevention is:
1. Fourth grade children at the elementary school
2. Patients in cardiac rehabilitation program at the medical center
3. Parents of a child w/a congenital heart defect
4. Patients w/diabetes at the outpatient clinic.
Fourth grade children at the elementary school
A nurse is leading a group of community members who are trying to quit smoking. In the pre-contemplation phase of health behavior change, the nurse anticipates that the group members will respond by:
1. Discussing previous attempts at quitting
2. Recognizing the benefits of not smoking
3. Expressing irritation when the topic of quitting is introduced
4. Requesting phone numbers of support people who have participated in the group
Expressing irritation when the topic of quitting is introduced
A young adult student has gone to the university's health center for a physical examination. The nurse conducting the initial interview is looking for possible lifestyle risk factors. The nurse is specifically alerted to the student's:
1. Mild Hypertension
2. Mountain climbing hobby
3. Family history of diabetes
4. Part-time job at the auto factory
Mountain climbing hobby
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a patient's priority should be:
1. Physical safety
2. Psychological safety
3. Self-esteem
4. Adequate nutrition
Adequate nutrition
To determine a patient's stage in the process of changing behaviors in response to being diagnosed with diabetes, a nurse can conclude that the patient is in the maintenance stage on basis of what response?
1. "I don't believe I need injections because I feel okay?"
2. "I may need to adjust my diet a little."
3. "I take my insulin daily as ordered."
4. "I have been trying to learn the diet plan."
"I take my insulin daily as ordered."
A Nurse recognizes an environmental risk for illness upon learning that the patient:
1.Works in a chemical plant
2. Has a history of heart disease
3. Admits to intermittent substance abuse
4. Is older than 65 YO
Works in a chemical plant