What process do photoautotrophic plants use to make energy molecuses like ATP and NADPH?

In what process do photoautotrophic plants make glucose?

What process is used to break down sugars to release ATP (in presence of oxygen)?

Where do plants get their carbon that they use in new cells to grow larger?

Where in a cell does water splitting and photophosphorylation occur?

Where in a cell does the Calvin Cycle occur?

Where in a cell does aerobic cellular respiration occur?

In what part of the plant does the vast amount of both the water splitting reactions (photophosphorylation) and carbon fixation (both together are photosynthesis)occur?

What are two common dissacharides transported in plants?

What is the form of water movement in a plant that involves evaporation at the stoma and new water moving up through the xylem?

What physical property of water allows it to move and "follow" evaporating water in the plant?

When is transpiration the greatest?

What is one way a plant can limit transpiration?

What accounts for most of the lateral movement of water in plants?

What is the condition in which water in all vascular tissue is being raised and held in check against gravity due to charged molecules in the tissue?

Movement of material outside the cytoplasm of a cell

Movement of material inside the cytoplasm of a cell

A section in the cell walls of endodermal cells that is lipid based and is hydrophobic. Water can't pass over this strip and must gain entry to the xylem via a symplastic route

The flow of water into a plan via osmosis when transpiration isn't occuring

cells that take sugar OUT of the sieve cells are called

cells that put sugar into the sieve cells are called

What processes are responsible for the transport of water within the bodies of plants?

Photophosphorylation, ATP, NADPH, and the Calvin Cycle are all part of a biochemical process called:

the name for the kind of bond that results from the attraction between water molecules is:

In plants, water & ions are transported without sugars in special cells called:

he two routes (not processes) through the plant roots that water uses to enter the xylem from the environment are:

Cellular respiration in plants:

Transpiration is greatest in plants under which of the following conditions?

waxy layer on the leaves that prevent h20 loss and very frequently reduce fungal attack

protein material found in spore and pollen walls that provide desication (drying out) resistance.

living, non-preproductive cells thta surround gametes and keep them from drying out

Name the four synapomorphies between land based plants and charophhytes

The changing from haploid to diploid structures we see in ALL plants is referred to as

Term for the structure that provides additional protection and nutrition for developing embryo and help with increased dispersal.

structures that bear the ovules and/or pollen of a plant. can encourage pollinators with rewards

What are the 3 characteristics unique to Animals?

Term for animals that means they all started with one common ancestral population

What is the group of organisms that most resemble the earliest animal ancestors?

Choanoflagellates resemble what type of cell in some animals?

Is a group of cells that take on many different functions a true tissue or a 'not' true tissue

name the group with non-true tissue

name the group with true tissue

What 3 taxa have radial symmetry?

Term for symmetry of an organism along one plane only

what protistan clad is the closets living relatives to the animals and likely shared a common ancestor

Which of the following is a coating on leaves that keeps water in and disease out?

A. cuticle
B. gametangia
C. sporopollenin
D. stomata
E. antheridium

Sperm cells are formed inside of plant structures called:

Which Phylum contains clams, oysters, snails, squid, and octopi?

Which Phylum includes all the vertebrate animals, e. g. the fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals?

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the animal kingdom?

A. most have nerve and muscle tissue
B. they have extra cellular matrix that contains collagen
C. they have tight cellular junctions
D. the haploid stage dominates the life cycle
E. the diploid stage dominates the life cycle

What is the common group name for taxa that have true tissues?

A. parazoa
B. bilateria
C. eumetazoa
D. Mollusca
E. Porifera

A jellyfish has what type of body symmetry and to what commonly named group (i.e. not a phylum name) does it belong?

Of the following taxa, which one is the largest (i.e. contains the most species)?

Which one of the following is not a synapomorphy between the Charophytes and land plants?

A. a phragmoplast
B. cuticle matrix material
C. peroxisomal enzyme characteristics
D. rosette cellulose synthesizing complexes
E. the morphology of their sperm flagella

The large triangular shaped fin of a shark that cuts through the water when the shark is on on the surface would most likely be called?

What taxa are the sponges a part of?

What taxa are the jellyfish, corals, and anemones part of?

What taxa are the comb jellyfish part of?

What taxa are the flat worms such as tapeworms a part of?

What taxa contains the rotifers?

What taxa contains the roundworms (nonsegmented)?

What taxa contains the segmented worms such as earthworms, marine worms, leeches?

What taxa includes the snails, clams, oysters, squid, and octopi?

Which taxa includes the insects, crustaceans, and arachnids?

Which taxa includes the starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers?

What taxa includes the tunicates, hagfish, and vertebrates?

What is the largest taxa of animals?

Ball shaped tiny structure that early animals are hypothesized to start out as

Term for space inside the blastula

Outside layer of blastula

Blastula turns into an object with a cavity. The object is now called a

Process that generates a gastrula in a blastula is called

Pocket inside the blastula/gastrula is called the

The opening to the archenteron is called the

Term for the lining inside the archenteron of the blastula/gastrula

Term for organisms that have two embryonic tissue (germ) layers

Name the two taxa of dipoblastic animals

Term for organisms that have three embryonic germ layers

What are the 3 layers in a tripoblastic animal

What does the ectoderm become?

What does the endoderm become?

What does the mesoderm become?

Tripoblastic animals with no internal body cavity lined by mesoderm are called

Tripoblastic animals with have a body cavity that is lined by mesoderm on one side are called

The body cavity in a psuedocoelom that is lined with meoderm on only one side is called a

What taxa are psuedocoelomates?

Tripoblastic animals that have body cavities completely lined by mesoderm are called

The blastopore becomes the mouth in what type of animal?

The blastopore becomes the anus in what type of animal?

Type of development of coleom in protostomes is called

Protostomes use what type of cell cleavage?

In deuterstomes, the mesoderm forms from sections of the archenteron wall. This type of coelum development is called

Deuterostomes use what type of cell cleavage?

What taxa are protostomes?

What taxa are deuterstomes?

The system that is comprised of a network of vessels for the circulation of fluids throughout the animal body

In what type of circlulatory system does a blood-like fluid completely surround and bath all organs?

What is the name for the fluid in an open circulatory system that is a mix of blood and interstitial fluid?

Eumetazoans that have an open circulatory system are

Does hemolymph play a role in respiraton of insects?

Type of circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels

Eumetazoan groups with closed circulatory systems

Arteries carry blood where?
Veins carry blood where?

Name for the smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules

Which blood vessels carry a large amount of blood under HIGH pressure

What are ateries mostly made up of?

Veins are made up of more or less smooth muscle than arteries?

What are the major functions of blood?

Which blood carrier uses iron?

Which taxa use this blood carrier?

Which blood carrier uses copper?

Which taxa use this blood carrier?

Blood is composed of what two parts?

What do the formed elements of blood contain?

Is the speed of blood in the capillaries higher or lower than the speed in the larger vessels?

The force of the blood against the capillary wall is called

Hydrostatic pressure is greatest when...

Hydrostatic pressure is lowest when...

the force required to prevent water from moving across a barier

where is osmotic pressure the highest

What causes the osmotic pressure into the capillary?

What cavity is labeled #1?

What cavity is labeled #2

What is the tissue labeled #3?

What will the tissue (layer) labeled #3 become in an adult deuterostome?

What will the tissue lining, of the cavity labeled #2, become in an adult protostome?

Which one of the following characterizes protostomes?
A. they are acoelomates

B. they are pseudocoelomates

C. they show no gastrulation
Correct

D. they are schizocoelous & develop from spiral cleavage

E. they are enterocoelous & develop from radial cleavage

Which one of the following follows schizocoelous development?
A. insects

B. echinoderms

C. vertebrates

D. nematodes

E. sponges

In which end of a capillary is hydrostatic pressure lower than osmotic pressure?

Which one of the following is the O2 carrier in many arthropods?
a. platelets

B. albumin

C. hemocyanin

D. hemoglobin

E. globin

Rotifers and Nematodes are considered:
A. acoelomates

B. pseudocoelomates

C. parazoans

D. protostomes

E. deuterostomes

5 taxa of animals that use body surface respiration:

what are the three major types of respiratory organs

in what animal group are tracheal systems typically found?

openings on the body surface that connect to the tracheal system

smallest part of a tracheal system

What is used to keep the tracheal tubes open in insects?

name for a structure that is a cluster of hydrophobic setae surrounding the spiracles of a tracheal system. They keep water from inetering and maintain a permanent layer of air around the body of an aquatic insect

Two things all gills have in common

tufted or branching gills are called

plate like gills are called

type of gill adapted for maximum efficiency

bivalve molluscs have what type of gill

term for a gill mechanism whereby water flows over the gills in the opposite direction of blood flow for maximum O2 absorption

Lungs are found in what invertebrates?

Lungs of amphibians are typically inflated using positive pressure. Some frogs swallow air in a process called

name a creature that is lungless and exchanges gasses through their always moist skin and the lining of their mouths

Alligators have a system that involves a muscle connecting the liver to the pubic bone in order to inflate the lungs. It is called

Mammalian lungs use what muscle for inflation

the respiratory surface is made up of what structure

what are the 3 interactions that assist in gas exchange

The majority of co2 is transported as

Animals in aquatic environments specialize in removing excess nitrogen in wastes as

Animals in non aquatic environments that need to limit water excretion but can't handle high concentrations remove nitrogen as

Animals that need to preserve the most water excrete urine as

term for the removal of metabolic waste

term for the removal of undigested waste

simplest structure for excretion

cell arrangements for excretion are referred to as

excretion form used by platyhelminthes using a flame cell and tube cell that empty out through excretory pores

excretion form that is the simplest closed circuit

glands that are stand alone nephridia found at the base of the antennae in crayfish and other crustaceans

kidneys perform what 3 functions

Which one of the following taxa do not use their body surface, in whole or in part, for gas exchange?
A. Platyhelminthes

B. Cnidaria

C. Insecta

D. Amphibia

E. Cephalopoda

The Insects have what type of respiratory system?

A. tracheal system

B. gills

C. open system

D. hemolymph

E. lamellar gills

What would be the main limitation of a concurrent* system, for gas exchange, in the gills of fish? *concurrent system = the blood and the water washing over the gill lamella both flow in the same direction (ie. opposite of countercurrent flow)

Amphibians use which of the following mechanism(s) for respiration?

A. negative pressure

B. buccal pumping

C. body surface (i.e. cutaneous) gas exchange

D. hepatic piston

E. both A & B

F. both B & C

G. both C & D

The majority of CO2 of mammals is transported as what material in their blood?

A. the bicarbonate ion

B. carbaminohemoglobin

C. oxyhemoglobin

D. urea

E. ammonia

F. uric acid

At the cardiovascular/tissue interface, which one of the following will occur under normal conditions?

A. the loading of O2 onto hemoglobin forces the unloading of CO2 into the tissues

B. the loading of CO2 onto hemoglobin forces the unloading of CO2 into the tissues

C. the loading of CO2 onto hemoglobin forces the unloading of carbaminohemoglobin into the tissues

D. the loading of O2 onto globin forces the unloading of CO2 into the tissues
Correct

E. the loading of CO2 onto globin forces the unloading of O2 into the tissues

Which of the following taxa secrete their nitrogen waste in the form of ammonia?

A. saltwater fish

B. freshwater fish

C. aquatic invertebrates

D. crocodylians

E. birds

F. A, B & C

G. B, C, and D

What type of excretory system use flame cells as its functional unit?

A. kidneys

B. malphigian tubules

C. antennal glands

D. metanephidia

E. protonephridia

The functional unit of a kidney is what? What are its 2 major parts?
Correct

A. nephron; renal corpuscle & renal tubules

B. nephron; renal corpuscle & metanephiium

C. protonephridium; renal corpuscle & renal tubules

D. malphigian tubules; antennal gland & renal tubules

E. metanephridium; glomerulus & Bowman's capsule