The Language of Medicine: medical terminology 15-18 Flashcards

calcium

calcium

humpback

lamina, part of the vertebral arch

curve, swayback; anterior curvature in the lumbar region

loins, lower back

bone marrow

straight

bone

crooked, bent

vertebra

vertebra

embryonic or immature cell

to break

slipping

softening

to grow

pore, passage

instrument to cut

acetabulum (hip socket)

calcaneus (heel)

carpals (wrist bones)

clavicle (collar bone)

ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)

cranium (skull)

femur (thigh bone)

fibula (smaller leg bone)

humerus (upper arm bone)

ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)

ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)

malleolus (process on each side of ankle)

mandible (lower jawbone)

maxilla (upper jawbone)

metacarpals (hand bones)

metatarsals (foot bones)

olecranon (elbow)

patella (kneecap)

pelvis (hipbone)

fibula (

phalanges (finger/toe bones)

pubis (anterior part of pelvic bone)

radius (fore-arm bone, thumb side)

scapula (shoulder blade)

sternum (breastbone)

tarsals bones of the hind foot)

tibia (shin bone)

ulna (forearm bone, little finger side)

excessive calcium in the blood

an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column (hunchback)

surgical removal of the posterior portion of a vertebra to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve or spinal cord from a displaced inter vertebral disk

forward curvature of the lumbar spinal column, "swayback"

lower back

pertaining to the lower bones of the back (lumbar and sacral regions)

formation of bone marrow

surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting and treating deformities and diseases in bones.

inflammation of bone

abnormal development of bone

(imperfecta) congenital bone disease in which bones are unusually brittle and fragile

abnormal condition of lateral (sideways) curvature of spine

abnormal condition of the spine (vertebral column) characterized by stiffness and fixation of vertebral joints

surgical repair of the vertebra

bone cell responsible for forming bony tissue

large bone cell that functions to absorbb and remove unwanted bony tissue during growth and healing of fractures

forward slipping or subluxation of one vertebra over another

softening of bones with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in bone, rickets

each end of a long bone

area of confluence (coming together_ of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. They are joined (sym=together, -physis= to grow) by a fibrocartilaginous disk

abnormal condition of increased loss of bony tissue. bones become thin, weak, brittle and break easy

instrument to cut bone

of the cup-shaped socket that receives the head of the thigh bone

pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)

wrist bone

pertaining to above the clavicle (collar bone)

pertaining to under the ribs

pertaining to cartilage that is attached to the ribs

incision of the skull

instrument to cut the skull

pertaining to the femur (thigh bone)

pertaining to the fibula (smaller lower lef bone)

pertaining to the humerous (upper arm bone)

pertaining to the ilium (upper and largest portion of the pelvic bone)

pertaining to the ischium (back portion of the pelvic bone)

pertaining to a malleolus (, pertaining to the malleolus (bone that sticks out on each ankle)

pertaining to lower jaw bone

pertaining to the upper jawbone

Surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand

foot pain

pertaining to the elbow

near or relating to the patella or kneecap

obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

pertaining to the fibula

pertaining to the bones of the fingers and the toes

relating or near the pubis

pertaining to the radius, a bone in the lower arm (thumb side of wrist)

pertaining to shoulder blade

of or relating to or near the sternum

removal of anklebone

pertaining of the two lower leg bones

pertaining to thh ulna (forearm bone, little finger side)

stiff

joint

joint

bursa

cartilage

ligament

watery flow

synovial membrane

tendon

tendon

to bind, tie together

narrowing

immobility of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure

surgical repair of a joint (with prosthesis) total hip replacement, and total knee replacement are examples

incision of a joint

condition of blood in a joint

condition of water or fluid in a joint

inflammation of many joints

thin layer of cartilage surrounding the bones in the joint space

inflammation of a bursa surrounding a joint

inherited disorder in which bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size (achondroplastic dwarf)

benign tumor of cartilage

softening of cartilage

pertaining to a ligament

Dr. specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders

inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint

suture of tendon

inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering

inflammation of tendons, tendonitis

surgical fusion of a joint to eliminate movement

narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on the cord and nerves

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

increasing the angle between two bones, straightening out a limb

moving away from body

moving toward the body

circular movement around axis, (central point) internal rotation is toward the midline , and external rotation is away from the midline

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so the foot bends backward (upward) this is the opposite of stepping on a gas pedal

motion that extends the foot downward (pointing toes)

as applied to hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm up. as applied to the foot, the outward roll of the foot in normal motion

as applied to hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down, as applied to the foot, an inward roll of the foot during normal motion

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

fibrous connective tissue

smooth muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

muscle

heart muscle

sole of the foot

muscle

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

flesh

lack of strength

development, nourishment

away from

toward

back

many

removal of fascia

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles and fibrous tissue, especially in shoulders, neck, hips and knees

benign tumor of smooth, involuntary muscle

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

muscle pain

process of recording strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

disease of muscles

Pertaining to the heart muscle

inflammation of muscles

motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground

benign tumor of striated voluntary muscle (attached to bones)

malignant tumor of striated voluntary muscle

Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging.

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

wasting away of normally developed organ tissue (especially muscle)

increase in size of individual cells

Pertaining to loss of muscle development, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-Lou Gehrigs Disease

Movement away from the midline

movement toward the midline

bending of the foot or the toes upward

pain of many muscles

fat

white

burning

burning

skin

skin

skin

profuse sweating

redness

redness

sweat

dry, scaly

hard

white

fat

black

fungus

nail

plant

hair

pus

wrinkle

sebum (oily secretion from sebaceous glands)

scale-like

fat

hair

nail

yellow

dry

pertaining to fat

absence of pigment in skin, eyes, hair

intensely unpleasant burning pain in a limb following damage to nerves

use of needle or snare by electric current to destroy or burn tissue (wart, polyps removal)

pertaining to under the skin

outer layer of skin

inflammation of skin

surgical repair of skin

specialist in the study of skin disorders

treatment for removal of superficial scars or wrinkles on the skin using sandpaper-like material

loosening of outer layer of skin with formation of large blisters (bullae)

profuse sweating

condition of redness of the skin

absence of sweating

hereditary condition in which skin resembles fish scales and is dry, rough, and scaly

excessive development of hard, keratinized tissue on the skin

white plaques on mucous membranes and surfaces of the body

benign tumor of fatty tissue

removal of adipose with a suction device

cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin

malignant skin tumor

any disease caused by fungus

separation of nail plate from nal bed in fungal infections after trauma

fungal infection of a nail

inflammation and swelling of skin folds around a nail

fungal infection of skin

pertaining to hair follicles and sebaceous glands

skin disease with pus formation

plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging

condition marked by excessive secretion of sebaceous glands

flat, scale like layer of cells in the epidermis or outer layer of skin

fatty mass within sebaceous gland

any disease of the hair caused by fungi

beneath a nail

yellowish-orange, lipid-filled nodule or plaque in the skin, often on an eyelid or over a joint.

excessive or abnormal dryness of the skin

water

eyelid

conjunctiva

pupil

cornea

ciliary body or muscle of the eye

tears, tear duct

iris

iris

cornea

tears

eye

eye

eye, vision

eye, vision

eyelid

optic disc, nipple like

lens of the eye

lens of the eye

pupil

retina

sclera (white of the eye)

uvea, vascular layer of the eye

glassy

dull, dim

double

gray

smaller, less

widen, enlarge

night

light

old age

darkness

dry

vision

vision

to turn

hearing

hearing, sense of hearing

ear

ear

cochlea

mastoid process

eardrum, tympatic membrane

ossicle

ear

eustachian tube, auditory tube

stapes, third bone of middle ear

eardrum, tympatic membrane

vestibule

hearing

hearing

instrument to measure

ear condition

watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye

inflammation of the eyelid

drooping of the upper eyelid

pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva

unequal pupil size

an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea

Paralysis of the muscles of the ciliary body.

an inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

inflammation of the iris

of or relating to the iris of the eye

surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye

inflammation of the cornea causing watery painful eyes and blurred vision

relating to or located near the organ that produces tears

secretion of tears

pertaining to within the eye

physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye

of or relating to ophthalmology

paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye

the organ of sight

a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses

a worker who makes glasses for remedying defects of vision

pertaining to the eyelid

swelling of the optic disc

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract with aspiration and removal

absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction

of or relating to the pupil of the eye

inflammation of the retina

destructive retinal changes caused by hypertension

pertaining to the cornea and the sclera-outer layer

inflammation of the sclera

Inflammation of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye).

posterior cavity is filled with this jelly like fluid

decreased vision in early life due to a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more near-sighted, farsightered, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye, also known as lazy eye (ambyl/o = dim)

double vision

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision

Constriction of the pupil

Dilation of the pupil

a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night; also known as night blindness

extreme sensitivity to, and discomfort from, light

farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age

blind spot in vision

drying of eye surfaces including the conjunctiva; also known as dry eye

farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina

Blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes

strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose

relating to sound or hearing

record of hearing measurement

person who specializes in the study of hearing impairments

Having to do with the sense of hearing

pertaining to the sense of hearing

pertaining to behind the ear

Pertaining to the cochlea (spiral-shaped tube in the inner ear).

inflammation of the mastoid process

the surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes

inflammation of the eardrum

Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear.

of or relating to near the ear

abnormal condition of fungus in the ear

discharge of pus from the ear

physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, and throat diseases

Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.

surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear

surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear

pertaining to the vestibule and the cochlea

Painful sensitivity to sounds.

Hearing impairment in old age

an instrument used to measure the sensitivity of hearing

abnormally large ears

gland

adrenal gland

adrenal gland

sex glands

pancreas

parathyroid gland

pituitary gland, hypophysis

thyroid gland

thyroid gland

male

calcium

calcium

cortex, outer region

secrete

thirst

female

sugar

sameness

hormone

potassium

milk

mucus

sodium

growing

body

solid structure

childbirth

poison

urine

assemble, gather together

blood condition

a substance

a substance

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on)

urine condition

good, normal

excessive, above normal

deficient, below normal

rapid, sharp, acid

all

four

three

removal of a gland

disease of adrenal glands

surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands

hormone that stimulates the testes and ovaries to function

deficient functioning of the gonads

excision of pancreas

removal of parathyroid glands

deficient secretion of hormones from pituitary gland

hormone secreated by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH or thyroid-stimulationg hormone)

inflammation of the thyroid gland

male hormone responsible for developing and maintaining male secondary sex characteristics

high levels of calcium in the bloodstream

low levels of calcium in blood

high calcium levels in urine

hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, (cortisol, aldosterone are examples)

medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders

excessive thirst

pertaining to producing female characteristics

The antagonist of insulin. Its release is stimulated by low blood glucose levels. It stimulates the liver, its primary target organ, to break down its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose to the blood.

high levels of sugar in the blood

`pertaining to blood sugar

animal starch, glycogen is broken down to produce sugar.

tendency in an organism to return to a state of constancy and stability

pertaining to a hormone

low levels of potassium in the blood

secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland, promotes milk secretion

hypofunctioning of the thyroid glands in adults

low levels of sodium in the blood

removal of pituitary gland

hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, growth hormone

complex substance related to fat, many hormones are steroids (estrogens, cortisol, aldosterone)

hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary gland, stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth

hyperthyroidism

secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, promotes water re-absorption by the kidney

hormone secreted by the pancreas, increases blood glucose by conversion of glycogen to glucose

low levels of sugar in the blood

hormone secreted by adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure

secretion from the anterior lobe of pituitary gland, stimulates the adrenal cortex, ACTH

sugar in urine

normal functioning of thyroid gland

excessive potassium in the blood

deficient production of insulin

hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth

deficiency of ALL pituitary gland hormones

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that increases body metabolism, thyroxine T4

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland stimulates body metabolism T3