The 5 glial cells of the CNS are ____, ____, ____ ____, ____ ____, and ____ (from monocytes).
astrocytes, oligodendocytes, ependymal cells, choroid plexus, and microglia (from monocytes)
The three connective tissue layers of nerves are ____, ____, and ____.
endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
What is 1?
pia mater
What is 2?
arachnoid mater
What is 3?
dura mater
What is 1?
anterior horns of gray matter
What is 2?
posterior horns of gray matter
What is 3?
posterior rootlets
What is 4?
anterior rootlets
What is 5?
posterior (sensory) root
What is 6?
anterior (motor) root
What is 7?
spinal (sensory) ganglion
Somites are _____.
mesoderm
What is 1?
occipital (postotic) myotomes
What is 2?
cervical myotomes
What is 3?
dorsal (epaxial) column of epimeres
What is 4?
thoracic myotomes
What is 5?
ventral (hypaxial) column of hypomeres
What is 6?
lumbar myotomes
What is 7?
sacral myotomes
What is 8?
coccygeal mytotomes
What is 9?
hypaxial muscles
What is 10?
epaxial muscles (back)
What is 1?
spinal nerve
What is 2?
spinal cord
What is 3?
posterior ramus
What is 4?
sympathetic trunk
What is 5?
anterior ramus
What is 6?
lateral pectoral cutaneous branch
What is 7?
anterior pectoral cutaneous branch
What is 1?
epineurium
What is 2?
perineurium
What is 3?
endoneurium
Two functional systems of the nervous system are ____ ____ ____ and ____ ____ ____.
autonomic (visceral) nervous system, somatic nervous system
The central nervous system includes the ____ ____ and the ____, and is mylinated by ____.
spinal cord
brain
oligodendrites
Clustered nerve fibers are called ____ in the CNS and ____ in the PNS.
nuclei, ganglia
The peripheral nervous system is made up of ____ ____ and ____ _____. They are myelinated by ____ cells.
peripheral nerves, sensory ganglia, Schwann
The autonomic nervous system splits into the _____, _____, and _____ nervous system and are myelinated by ____ cells.
sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric, Schwann
_____ cells support, insulate, and nourish the nervous system.
Glial
The two glial cells of the PNS and ANS are _____ and _____ cells.
Schwann, Satellite
Satellite cells _____ ganglia and are found in the _____ root.
nourish, posterior
Gray matter can be found in the _____ region of the spinal cord and is _____.
inner
unmylinated
White matter can be out in the _____ region of the spinal cord and is _____ by oligodendrocytes.
outer
mylinated
Surrounding the spinal cord, you find a _____ _____ layer called the _____.
connective tissue
meninges
The meninges is seperated into the _____ _____ , _____ _____ , and _____ _____.
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, and pia mater
The _____ _____ _____ _____ is organized into the anterior and posterior horns.
spinal cord gray matter
The anterior horn is in charge of _____ function and contains _____ neurons.
motor; multipolar
The posterior horn is in charge of ________ function and is made up of ________ neurons.
sensory
pseudounipolar
Multipolar neurons are found in the ________ , ________ , ________ , and ________ ________.
CNS, PNS, ANS, skeletal muscle
Pseudounipolar neurons are located in the ________, outside the ________.
PNS
CNS
The __________ surrounds a fascicle of axons and serves as the site of the blood-nerve barrier.
perineurium
The __________ is a dense outer sheath
epineurium
The __________ is between axons
endoneurium
The subcortical nuclei of the brain include the __________ and the __________.
basal ganglia; thalamus
The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of __________ and __________ movements.
planning; executing
What is 1?
precentral gyrus
What is 2?
postcentral gyrus
What is 3?
primary motor cortex
What is 4?
central sulcus
What is 5?
primary somato-sensory cortex
What is 6?
parietal lobe
What is 7?
frontal lobe
What is 8?
Sylvian fissure
What is 9?
temporal lobe
What is 10?
primary auditory cortex (in Sylvian fissure)
What is 11?
occipital lobe
What is 12?
primary visual cortex
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through the __________ __________.
intervertebral foramen
The anterior and posterior roots unite within the __________ __________ to form __________ __________, which are mixed.
intervertebral foramen; spinal nerves
Efferent neurons are the __________ neurons of the PNS.
motor
Afferent neurons are the __________ neurons of the PNS.
sensory
After the spinal nerve, we have the __________ and __________ rami.
posterior; anterior
The posterior rami goes to the __________ __________ muscles, __________, and does not form a __________.
deep back; epaxial; plexus
The anterior horn goes to the __________ body, __________ muscles, and forms a __________ only at the limbs.
anterior; hypaxial; plexus
Somatic motor and visceral motor fibers are innervated by __________ neurons.
multipolar
Somatic sensory and visceral sensory fibers are innervated by __________ neurons.
pseudounipolar
Somatic motor and preganglionic visceral motor neurons are found in the __________ __________, while postsynaptic motor neurons are located outside the CNS in __________ __________.
gray matter; autonomic ganglia
Lateral somites develop into __________, which give rise to muscles and skin.
dermatomyotomes
Muscular dermatomyotomes are called __________.
myotomes
Skin dermatomyotomes are called __________.
dermatomes
Posterior dermatomyotomes become __________ muscles, while anterior dermatomyotomes become __________ muscles.
expaxial
hypaxial
Medial somites become __________, which give rise to __________.
sclerotomes; vertebrae
The brachial plexus innervates the __________ limb.
upper
The lumbosacral plexus innervates the __________ limb.
lower