The functions of the lymphatic system are to (1) recover fluid from the __________ spaces, (2) provide __________, and (3) aid in __________ absorption from the __________ intestine.
extracellular, immunity, lipid, small
Organs of the lymphatic system include the __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________.
tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, Mucosa Assoacited Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)
Gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) is found in the __________ tract, mostly in the __________.
GI, appendix
The cells of the lymphatic system include __________ and __________ cells.
lymphocytes, supporting
Lingal tonsils reside in the ___ ___ ___.
base of tongue
A lymph node has a thin __________ tissue capsule with __________ of connective tissue that extend into the node.
connective, trabeculae
Lymph nodes are involved in __________ __________.
immune defense
Lymph nodes are __________-shaped and __________, meaning they are surrounded by connective tissue.
bean, encapsulated
Liver failure causes decreased production of large __________ proteins, leading to a reduction in __________ pressure.
serum, osmotic
Supporting cells of the immune system include __________ and __________, granulocytes like __________, __________, and __________, as well as __________ cells, __________ cells, and __________ cells (found only in the thymus).
monocytes, macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, reticular, dendritic, epithelioreticular
What is 1?
trabecular sinus
What is 2?
trabecula
What is 3?
Efferent lymphatic vessel
What is 4?
medulla
What is 5?
medullary sinus
What is 6?
lympathic nodules
What is 7?
cortex
What is 8?
deep cortex
What is 9?
capsule
What is 10?
afferent lymphatic vessel
What is 11?
hilum
What is 12?
medulla
What is 13?
cortex
What is 14?
capsule
Fluid from the __________ side of the capillary is pushed into the loose connective tissue surrounding the capillary bed.
arteriole
On the __________ side of the capillary, most of the fluid is taken back up.
venule
Fluid not reabsorbed by the capillaries is taken up by the __________ system.
lymphatic
__________ pressure pushes fluid out of blood vessels.
Hydrostatic
__________ pressure, generated by large proteins like __________, draws fluid back into blood vessels.
Osmotic, albumin
B cells give rise to __________ cells, which produce __________.
plasma, antibodies
B cells are responsible for __________ immunity.
humoral
Epithelioreticular cells are found only in the __________ and are involved in __________ cell education.
thymus, T
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) can be both __________ and __________ lymphoid tissue found in the gut.
diffuse, nodular
GALT plays an important role in the immune response to __________ substances entering the __________ system.
foreign, digestive
__________ lymphatic vessels exit through the __________ of the lymph node.
Efferent
hilum
The spleen filters __________ by trapping foreign substances in the blood and presenting them to __________ cells, which mount an immune response.
blood, immune
The hilum is the region where an __________ enters and a __________ leaves.
artery, vein
Leaving the hilum, there is an __________ lymphatic.
efferent
There are a bunch of __________ lymphatics, but only one __________ lymphatic.
afferent, efferent
Dendritic cells are __________ __________ __________.
antigen presenting cells.
In heart failure, venous return is affected such that __________ pressure on the venous side of a capillary is higher than __________ pressure.
hydrostatic, osmotic
__________ liters per day is taken up by lymphatics
3
Pharyngeal tonsils (also known as __________) are located in the roof of the __________.
adenoids, nasopharynx
When pharyngeal tonsils get large, they can block the __________ tubes, resulting in __________ voice.
Eustachian, nasal
Lymph nodes trap __________ in the lymph, where they are processed by __________-presenting cells.
antigens, antigen
What is 1?
secondary nodes
What is 2?
capsule
What is 3?
medulla
What is 1?
venous sinuses (red pulp)
What is 2?
central artery
What is 3?
splenic nodule
What is 4?
red pulp
There is a fluid balance between the __________ system and the __________ space. Accumulation of fluid in the extracellular space leads to __________.
circulatory, extracellular, edema
What is 1?
Nephrotic syndrome
What is 2?
Heart failure
What is 3?
Post-mastectomy
Red pulp appears __________ in the __________ state due to its rich blood supply.
red
fresh
Red pulp contains __________ sinuses, which are specialized blood vessels.
splenic
Splenic sinuses in the red pulp are separated by cords of cells called __________ cords.
Billroth's
The thymus is the site of __________ __________ __________.
T cell eduation
Fluid from the __________ spaces passes through __________ nodes. This fluid may contain __________ substances, which can provoke an __________ response.
extracellular, lymph, foreign, immune
White pulp appears __________ in fresh state.
white
T cells and NK cells are invovled in __________ __________ .
cellular immunity
Edema is caused by distrubance in __________ __________ , __________ __________ , or __________ __________.
hydrostatic pressure, ostmoic pressure, or lymphatic drainage
The appendix is a __________ organ, and its mucosa resembles the __________ but contains many lymphoid __________.
lymphoid, large intestine, nodules
In the appendix, the lymphoid tissue is both __________ and __________.
nodular, diffuse
Langerhans cells are specialized __________ cells found in the __________ and other stratified squamous epithelia, such as the __________ cavity.
dendritic, epidermis, oral
Removal of lymph nodes for cancer treatment, often during a __________ mastectomy, can cause blockage of __________ return.
radical, lymphatic
The outer cortex of lymphoid organs, with its nodules, is mostly composed of __________ lymphocytes.
B
Reticular cells are __________ cells that create the meshwork, forming the framework of __________ organs.
supportive, lymphatic
Palatine tonsils lie on either side of the posterior __________ cavity, between the __________ and __________ arches.
oral, palatoglossal, palatopharyngeal
The thymus is located in the __________ mediastinum, __________ to the heart.
superior, anterior
Diffuse lymphatic tissue is found in loose connective tissue that underlies __________, also known as __________.
epithelia, lamina propria
Lymphogenous spread is the most common route for the initial spread of __________ tumors.
carcinoma
Lymph-borne cells from carcinoma get trapped within __________ nodes.
lymph
When lymph-borne cells are trapped within lymph nodes, they __________ and become enlarged.
react
Perarterial lymphatic sheaths in the spleen are mainly composed of __________ cells.
T
Lymphatic nodules in the spleen are primarily composed of __________ cells.
B
Both perarterial lymphatic sheaths and lymphatic nodules are found in the __________.
spleen
Spleen is characterized by __________ and __________ pulp.
red
white
The three major types of lymphocytes are what?
B cells, T cells, NK cells
__________lympathics enter through the capsule of the node.
Afferent
Renal disease, specifically __________ syndrome, causes the loss of large __________ proteins.
nephrotic, serum
The loss of serum proteins in nephrotic syndrome leads to a reduction in __________ pressure.
osmotic
In nephrotic syndrome, the reduced osmotic pressure means that fluid cannot be drawn back into the __________ side of the capillary.
venous
Nodular lymphatic tissue nodules, also known as follicles, are sharply __________ but not __________ (they have no connective tissue).
delineated, encapsulated
Central arteries in the spleen are surrounded by __________, known as __________ (PALS).
lymphocytes, periarterial lymphatic sheaths
The spleen is beneath the __________ on the __________ side of the body.
ribs
left
Diffuse lymphatic tissue is particularly abundant in the __________ tract.
GI
Secondary nodules contain a lightly stained __________ center (GC) with numerous large __________ and __________.
germinal, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts
what is the top blacked out?
tonsillar crypts
what is the bottom blacked out?
lymphatic nodules
Cancer staging is in part determined by __________ __________ __________.
lymph node involvment
The thymus is functional at __________ and involutes during __________.
birth, puberty
Thymus does not usually have __________.
nodules
What is this?
adult thymus
What is this?
younger thymus
What is this?
Peyer's Patches
The medulla of the lymph node contains cords of cells, which are separated by __________ sinuses that contain __________.
medullary, lymph
Lymphatic tissue can be described as either __________ or __________.
diffuse
nodular
Lymph nodes act as __________ along lymphatics, through which lymph percolates from the region of the __________ to the __________.
filters, capsule, medulla
Diffuse lymphatic tissue can help identify __________, which react to allergic reactions and parasitic infections, during an __________ process.
eosinophils, inflammatory
Eosinophils are involved in immune responses related to __________ reactions and __________ infections.
allergic, parasitic
Diffuse lymphatics tissue contains numerous __________ cells
plasma
In the white pulp of the spleen, branches of the __________ artery enter the white pulp and are called __________ arteries.
splenic, central
In the cortex of lymph nodes, there are two regions: an outer region with __________ and a deep cortex (__________) with no nodules.
nodules, paracortex
Beneath capsule of lymph node there is a __________ __________.
subcapsular sinus
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that drain nearly every part of the body except __________ tissue and __________.
nervous, organs
The brain, __________ cord, and __________ are not drained by the lymphatic system.
spinal, PNS
Thymus development is interesting in that the endothelium of the third __________ pouch grows caudally into the __________ and becomes __________ from the pouch.
pharyngeal, thymus, disconnected
The deep cortex of the lymph node contains most of the __________ cells and is called the __________ dependent cortex.
T, thymic
The thymus becomes populated with multipotential lymphoid __________ cells.
stem
The multipotential lymphoid stem cells are destined to become immunocompetent __________ cells, as they recognize __________ and __________.
T, self, nonself
Central lacteals in the villi of the __________, __________, and __________ carry chylomicrons (fats) to the __________.
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver
Primary nodules contain __________ lymphocytes, but in adult tissue, you mostly see __________ nodules.
small, secondary
Tonsils form a protective ring, called __________'s ring, of lymphatic tissue around the posterior aspect of the __________ cavity and __________ cavity (adenoids).
Waldeyer, oral, nasal