chp. 27 water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance Flashcards

chemicals that function to minimize changes in the pH of body fluids are called

if the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffer by

which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

a person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

pH

which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

sensible perspiration

loss of a large volume of sweat will

in which of the following situations does one see large volumes of dilute urine produced?

angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

calcitonin

increased osmolality of the ECF

the sensation of thirst results from

what is the main role of magnesium ions in the body?

the main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

a major complication of thyroid surgery is the accidental damaging or removal of the parathyroid glands. this damage or removal of the parathyroid glands can result in

adequate calcium absorption from the GI tract depends on

stimulus for the secretion of parathyroid hormone is a decrease in serum

parathyroid hormone effects the

calcium balance is influenced by

caclium's roles in the body include

an increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

which of the following is correctly matched?

most of the calcium in the body is in the

in hypocalcemia

the most common cause of hyperkalemia is

which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

hyperkalemia is defined as

the composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts

which of the following would be expected to cause hypoatermia?

oversection of aldosterone causes

increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

atrial natriuretic hormone increases

what characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

as a result of hyperventilation

an increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a ____ in H+ ions and a _____ in blood pH

which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

mr. I.M.A. wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

in renal compensation of acidosis,

which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

the normal pH for blood plasma is

once alkalosis has occured, which of the following would you expect to happen?

hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

when normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?

a failing blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

respiratory alkolsis can occur as a result of

prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

the increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called _____ and is important in _____ control

elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

youve been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. you would expect

chloride ions

decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

a decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

the stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

which of the following is NOT a principle sensor for thirst regulation?

the primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

the major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

when aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

as the rate of sweat production increase, the amount of sodium lost in the urine

receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

renin is released by

which of the following events occurs last?

where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

the cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

one difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ____ than interstitial fluid

serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as

the predominant extracellular anion is

the predominant intracellular cation is

the predominant extracellular cation is

the distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartment is

which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water

which of the following people would most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

extracellular fluid has a

azetazolamide (diamox) is a diuretic. it functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. this shows the formation of carbonic acid. by slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule, sodium reabsorption is also slowed. this results in the diuretic effect. select from the following list the possible side-effects of azetazolamide

the K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. low plasma K+ levels will cause

bob trotts has an enteropathogenic e. coli infection resulting in sever diarrhea for 2 days. this could produce which of the following