The skeletal muscle of the body can be subdivided into (2)
1. Axial Musculature
2. Appendicular Musculature
The skeletal muscle of the body can be subdivided into
1. Axial Musculature
2. Appendicular Musculature
1. A. Muscles that position the head and vertebral column
1. B. Muscles that move the rib cage
2. Muscles that stabilize or move the appendicular skeleton
The axial muscles can be placed into four
1. muscles of the head and neck
2. muscles of the vertebral column
3. oblique and rectus muscles
4. muscles of the pelvic floor
1. Epicranial aponeurosis 2. Trapezius
3. Deltoid 4. Pectoralis major
5. Biceps brachii 6. Temporalis
7. Sternocleidomastoid 8. Serratus anterior
9. Latissimus dorsi 10. External oblique
11. Rectus abdominis 12. Linea alba
1. Epicranial aponeurosis 2. Trapezius
3. Deltoid 4. Infraspinatus
5. Teres minor 6. teres major
7. Latissimus dorsi 8. Sternocleidomastoid
9. Rhomboid major 10. triceps brachii
muscles of the head and neck can be subdivided into several different groups (6)
1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Extraocular muscles
3. Muscles of mastication
4. Muscles of the tongue
5. Muscles of the pharynx
6. Muscles of the anterior neck
1.
1. Epicranial aponeurosis 2. temporalis
3. Corrugator supercilii 4. Orbicularis oculi
5. Procerus 6. nasalis
7. Zygomaticus minor 8. Zygomaticus major
9. Levator labii superioris 10. orbicularis oris
11. masseter 12. Buccinator
1. platysma 2. Depressor anguli oris
3. Depressor labii inferioris 4. mentalis
5. occipitofrontalis
1. Epicranial aponeurosis 2. procerus
3. orbicularis oculi 4. nasalis
5. levator labii inferioris 6. Zygomaticus major
7. orbicularis oris 8. mentalis
9. depressor labii inferioris 10. platysma
11. depressor anguli oris
1. temporalis 2. masseter
3. buccinator 4. sternocleidomastoid
5. occipitofrontalis
Muscles of Facial Expression (Eye) (3)
1. Corrugator supercilii
2. Levator palpebrae superioris
3. Orbicularis oculi
Muscles of Facial Expression (Nose) (2)
1. Procerus
2. Nasalis
Muscles of Facial Expression (Mouth)
1. Orbicularis oris 2. Zygomaticus major and minor
3. Risorius 4. Mentalis
5. Depressor labii inferioris
6. Depressor anguli oris 7. Levator anguli oris
8. Buccinator 9. Depressor labii superioris
Muscles of Facial Expression (Scalp) (2)
1. occipitofrontalis
2. temporoparietalis
Extrinsic eye muscles (muscles that control eye movement)
1. Medial and lateral rectus muscles
2. Superior and inferior rectus muscles
3. Superior and inferior oblique muscles
1. superior rectus 2. superior oblique
3. lateral rectus 4. inferior rectus
5. inferior oblique
1. superior rectus 2. superior oblique
3. medial rectus 4. inferior rectus
Extra-ocular Muscles/ eye muscles
1. lateral rectus 4. inferior rectus
2. medial rectus 5. superior oblique
3. superior rectus 6. inferior oblique
1. rotates the eye laterally
2. rotates the eye medially
3. rotates the eye upward
4. rotates the eye downward
5. rotates the eye downward and laterally
6. rotates the eye upward and laterally
1. lateral rectus 2. superior rectus
3. medial rectus 4. inferior rectus
5. inferior oblique 6. superior oblique
Muscles of mastication
1. masseter
2. temporalis
3. pterygoids
1. temporalis 2. masseter
1. lateral pterygoid 2. medial pterygoid
Muscles of the Tongue (4)
1. Genioglossus
2. Hyoglossus
3. Palatoglossus
4. Styloglossus
1. palatoglossus 2. styloglossus
3. genioglossus 4. hypoglossus
muscles of the pharynx (9)
1. pharyngeal constrictors A. superior constrictor
B. middle constrictor C. inferior constrictor
2. Palatopharyngeus 3. Stylopharyngeus
4. Palatal muscles A. Levator veli palatini
B. Tensor veli palatini
1. Superior pharyngeal constrictor
2. middle pharyngeal constrictor
3. inferior pharyngeal constrictor
4. stylopharyngeus
5. palatopharyngeus
6. levator veli palatini
7. tensor veli palatini
anterior muscled of the neck (4)
1. Digastric 2. Mylohyoid
3. Geniohyoid 4. Stylohyoid
5. Omohyoid 6. Sternohyoid
7. Sternothyroid 8. Thyrohyoid
9. Sternocleidomastoid
1. Digastric 2. Geniohyoid
3. Stylohyoid 4. mylohyoid
5. Omohyoid 6. Sternohyoid
7. Sternothyroid 8. Thyrohyoid
9. Sternocleidomastoid
Muscles of the Vertebral Column
3 layers of the back muscles
1. superficial layer (extrinsic back muscles): move the neck
2. intermediate layer (extrinsic back muscles): move the vertebral column
3. deep layer (intrinsic back muscles): interconnect the vertebrae
Superficial layer of extrinsic muscles
(4)
1. Trapezius
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Levator scapulae
4. Rhomboid muscle
1. sternocleidomastoid 2. trapezius
3. deltoid 4. Infraspinatus
5. teres minor 6. teres major
7. latissimus dorsi 8. external oblique
9. gluteus medius 10. gludeus maximus
1. levator scapulae 2. supraspinatus
3. rhomboid major 4. swerratus anterior
5. latissimus dorsi 6. external oblique
7. internal oblique
intermediate lauer ot extrinsic muscles
serratus posterior
the Deep layer can be subdivided into 3 division
1. superficial intrinsic
2. intermediate intrinsic
3. deep intrinsic
1. middle scalene
Examples of Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles (4)
1. Erector spinae
2. Spinalis thoracis
3. Longissimus thoracis
4. Iliocostalis lumborum
Examples of Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (5)
1. Semispinalis
2. Multifidus
3. Rotatores
4. Interspinales
5. Intertransversarii
Spinal Flexors (3)
1. Longus capitis
2. Longus colli
3. Quadratus lumborum
1. Anterior scalenes
2. middle scalenes
3. posterior scalene
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
can be grouped in this manner (3)
1. cervical muscles
2. thoracic muscles
3. abdominal muscles
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
can be grouped in this manner
1. Cervical oblique muscles
A. do...
1. scalene muscleselevate the ribs and also flex the neck
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
can be grouped in this manner
2. Thoracic oblique muscles (3)
A. External intercostals
B. Internal intercostals
C. Transversus thoracis
1. External intercostals
2. Internal intercostals
3. Transversus thoracis
1. elevate the ribs
2. depress the ribs
3. depresses the ribs
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
can be grouped in this manner
3. serratus posterior (2)
A. Superior serratus posterior
B. Inferior serratus posterior
1. superior serratus posterior
2. Inferior serratus posterior
1. elevates ribs and enlarges thoracic cavity
2. depresses ribs and opposes diaphragm contraction thus decreasing thoracic size
1. internal intercostals
2. external intercostals
3. pectoralis minor
Oblique and Rectus Muscles
1. Abdominal oblique muscles
A. External oblique
B. internal oblique
C. transversus abdominis
1. External oblique
2. internal oblique
3.. transversus abdominis
1. rotates the vertebral column
2. rotates the vertebral column
3. compresses the abdomen
1. platysma 2. deltoid
3. pectoralis major 4. latissimus dorsi
5. serratus anterior 6. external oblique
7. sternocleidomastoid 8. trapezius
9. pectoralis minor 10. subscapularis
11. teres major 12. serratus anterior
13. internal intercostal 14. external intercostal
15. internal oblique 16. external oblique
17. rectus abdominis 18. transversus abdominis
Cervical Rectus Muscles (4)
1. Geniohyoid
2. Omohyoid
3. Sternohyoid
4. Thyrohyoid
Thoracic Rectus Muscles (1)
Diaphragm muscle
1. central tendon of diaphragm
2. foramen for inferior vena cava
3. foramen for esophagus
4. foramen aorta
Abdominal Rectus Muscles
rectus abdominis
1. flexes the ____
2. divided longitudinally by the ____
3. divided transversally by the ___
1. vertebral column
2. linea alba
3. tendinous inscriptions
1. serratus anterior 2. external oblique
3. rectus abdominis 4. linea alba
5. internal intercostal 6. external intercostal
7. internal oblique
Muscles of the Perineum and Pelvic Diaphragm main functions (3)
1. Support the organs of the pelvic cavity
2. Flex the joints of the sacrum and coccyx
3. Control the movement of material through the urethra and anus
The Perineum (pelvic floor)
1. divided into 2 trianles
2. they are separated by...
1. A. Urogenital triangle
B. anal triangle
2. superficial transverse perineal muscle
1. anal triangle 2. external anal sphincter
3. urogenital triangle 4. pubococcygeus
5. iliococcygeus 6. levator ani
6. coccygeus 7. External urethral sphincter
8. Pelvic Diaphragm
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
1. superficial urogenital triangle area (3)
A. Superficial transverse perineal
B. Ischiocavernosus
C. Bulbospongiosus
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
2. superficial anal triangle area
A. Superficial transverse perineal
B. Gluteus maximus
C. External anal sphincter
1. ischiocavernosus 2. Bulbospongiosus
3. deep transverse perineus
4. external urethral sphincter
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
3. Deep urogenital triangle area
4. deep anal triengle area
3. Deep transverse perineal
4. A. Coccygeus
B. Iliococcygeus
C. Pubococcygeus