ORAL ROUTE
Oral medication: P.O. - sip before pills
Sublingual medication : S.L. - no drink after
Buccal medication - mucous membranes - do not dink or swallow liquid after.
Oral Medication - P.O.
Requires healthy oral cavity, able to swallow, and functioning of gastro-intestinal system.
Side effects: oral medication may cause stomach irritations and the drug may be affected by absorption rate.
Sublingual medications - S.L.
Absorb readily once placed under tongue.
Warning: do not swallow or drink liquids after.
Buccal Medication
Acts locally and systemically. Solid Medication is placed against the mucous membrane.
Warning: do not swallow or drink liquid after.
Otic administration
Medication are administered into the ear. Drops
Ophthalmic
Medication are administered into the Eye. Drops
Nasal
Medication are administered into the nose. Spray or drops
Parenteral Route
Subcutaneous (SQ)
Intradermal (ID)
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous (IV)
Subcutaneous
SQ : injection of medication into the subcutaneous tissues
Intradermal
ID : injection of medication into the Dermis tissue
Intramuscular
IM : injection of medication into a muscle
Intravenous
IV : injection of medication into the vein
Topical administration of drugs
Application of medication to skin or mucous membranes Locally and systemic effect can occur from topical application.
Transdermal Patch
insertion of drug into body cavity. Rectal medication
instillation of fluid into body cavity ( ear drops)
irrigation : cleansing of body cavity (flush eye)