Lecture 5 Hearts and Circulatory Systems Flashcards

In closed circulatory systems, the series of vessels (arteries and veins) are all connected in like a circuit by the capillaries and the circulatory fluid is blood.
a. True
b. False

Open circulatory systems are kept under high pressure while closed circulatory systems are kept under low pressure.
a. True
b. False

Which of the following about closed circulatory systems is incorrect?
a. The circulating fluid is blood.
b. Blood is kept separate from the extracellular fluid by retaining it within blood vessels.
c. Closed circulatory systems are held under high pressure.
d. There is some capability to preferentially direct blood flow to specific organs but it’s not as good as with open circulatory systems.
e. Exchange of gases and nutrients with the tissues occurs across small-diameter vessels called capillaries.

Which of the following regarding open circulatory systems are correct?
a. The circulatory fluid is blood.
b. Blood is an essentially a mixture of haemolymph and extracellular fluid (ECF).
c. The circulatory fluid is not kept separate from the extracellular fluid.
d. Open circulatory systems are low pressure systems.
e. Regulation of haemolymph flow to different organs is possible but not as good as in closed circulatory systems.
f. All are correct expect for A and B.

Carries blood away from the heart (Most times, it carries oxygenated blood, but this does not include the heart)
a. Blood vessel
b. Veins
c. Arteries
d. capillaries
e. All are correct.

Haemolymph is composed of blood and extracellular fluid.
a. True
b. False

In the human heart, what is the name of the valves that separate the right atria from the right ventricle and the left atria from the left ventricle?
a. Semilunar valves.
b. Aortic valves.
c. Pulmonary valves.
d. Atrioventricular valves.
e. Ventrolateral valves.

Carries blood back to the heart (Most times, it carries deoxygenated blood, but this does not include the heart)
a. Blood vessel
b. Veins
c. Arteries
d. capillaries
e. All are correct.

Blood flows from the heart to arteries to capillaries to veins back to the heart again.
a. True
b. False

Which statement about the closed circulatory system is correct?
a. Hold under being high pressure systems which means blood pressure can be kept high leading to high rate of blood flow to tissues.
b. high levels of oxygen and nutrient delivery which contribute to higher metabiotic rates and activities.
c. Allow for blood to be directed to specific organs and is possible to regulate blood flow to individual organs either increasing or decreasing blood flow.
d. All are correct.

Blood is separated from the extracellular fluid (ECF) in a closed system.
a. True
b. False

What role do small blood vessel play?
a. Exchange of gases
b. Exchange of water
c. Exchange of nutrients
d. All the above.

The aorta in humans carries deoxygenated blood.
a. True
b. False

The pulmonary arteries in humans carry oxygenated blood.
a. True
b. False

How are the arteries connected to the veins?
a. By blood vessels
b. By capillaries
c. By the blood
d. By pressure forces

In an open circulatory system, the circulatory fluid is haemolymph.
a. True
b. False

Which statement about the open circulatory system is incorrect?
a. Arteries and veins are not joined by the capillaries so do not form a complete circuit and the blood is not enclosed in the blood vessels.
b. It contains mixture of blood and extracellular fluid because the circulatory fluid is haemolymph.
c. low pressure systems so blood flow to organs is not as fast or efficient less ability to direct blood flow to specific organs as there is no specific vessel going directly to an organ.
d. All the above are correct.

The right side of the heart is a low-pressure pump that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
a. True
b. False

The human/mammalian heart consists of two ventricles (left and right) and two atria (left and right).
a. True
b. False

The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump that pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the systemic tissues.
a. True
b. False

Oxygenated blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the left atria through the?
a. Inferior Vena Cava
b. Pulmonary Arteries
c. Pulmonary Veins
d. Aorta
e. atrioventricular valves

Which of the following blood vessels send deoxygenated blood from the tissues into the right atria?
a. Pulmonary arteries.
b. Pulmonary veins.
c. Aorta.
d. Superior and inferior vena cava.

Which of the following blood vessels send oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atria?
a. Pulmonary arteries.
b. Pulmonary veins.
c. Aorta.
d. Superior and inferior vena cava.

Deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation (all organs not including the lungs) enters the right atria through the?
a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
b. Pulmonary Arteries
c. Pulmonary Veins
d. Aorta
e. atrioventricular valves

Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle through a semilunar valve and enters the
a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
b. Pulmonary Arteries
c. Pulmonary Veins
d. Aorta
e. atrioventricular valves

How do Deoxygenated blood and Oxygenated blood must pass to enter to their associated ventricle?
a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
b. Pulmonary Arteries
c. Pulmonary Veins
d. Aorta
e. atrioventricular valves

Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle through a semilunar valve and enters the
a. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
b. Pulmonary Arteries
c. Pulmonary Veins
d. Aorta
e. atrioventricular valves

The receiving chambers of the heart include the right and left atria.
a. True
b. False

In which type of heart is there mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
a. fish
b. frog
c. crocodile
d. all the above
e. none of the above

Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood?
a. pulmonary vein
b. pulmonary artery
c. superior vena cava
d. Right Atrium
e. None of the above

Which of the following blood vessels receives blood directly from the right ventricles?
a. pulmonary arteries
b. right aorta
c. superior vena cava
d. inferior vena cava
e. right pulmonary vein

Oxygen poor blood passes through the __________
a. right av and pulmonary valves
b. right av valve only
c. left av and aortic valve.
d. left av valve only.
e. pulmonary and aortic valve

The foramen of Panizza in the crocodilian heart could be considered analogous to which of the following in the human fetal heart.
a. The umbilical artery.
b. The umbilical vein.
c. The foramen ovale.
d. The ductus arteriosus.

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?
a. annelids
b. molluscs
c. fishes
d. frogs
e. insects

There are semilunar valves that separate the left ventricle from the aorta and the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery.
a. True
b. False

Which vessels of the heart receives blood from the right ventricle
a. venae cavae
b. pulmonary artery
c. aorta
d. pulmonary veins

The mammalian fetus receives blood from the?
a. Placenta
b. Heart
c. Umbilical Vein
d. Amniotic Fluid
e. None are correct.

The gas exchange organ for the human fetus is the placenta.
a. True
b. False

Oxygenated blood of the mammalian fetus is transported into the right atria of the fetus by what?
a. Blood vessels
b. Capillaries
c. Umbilical Vein
d. Amniotic Fluid
e. None are correct.

The pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood while the pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.
a. True
b. False

Where are semilunar valves to be found in the mammalian heart?
a. where blood goes from atria to ventricles
b. on the right side of the heart only
c. where the pulmonary veins attach to the heart
d. at the places where blood leaves via the aorta and pulmonary arteries
e. at the places where the anterior and posterior venae cavae enter

During fetal life, these carriers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.
a. Umbilical Veins.
b. ductus arteriosus
c. Umbilical arteries
d. Placenta

Both the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus serve to reduce or prevent blood flow to the lungs
a. True
b. False

Hole in the heart between the pulmonary artery and the aorta is the ductus arteriosus
a. True
b. False

Hole in the heart between right atrium of the heart to the left atrium is the foramen ovale.
a. True
b. False

Foramen ovale shunts the blood flow to the lung by allowing blood to flow into right atria into left atria instead of the right atria into right ventricle that gets into the lung.
a. True
b. False

Fetal Circulation is made up of?
a. Umbilical Veins.
b. ductus arteriosus
c. Umbilical arteries
d. Placenta
e. All the above are correct.

The foramen ovale ________
a. connected the two atria in the feta heart
b. is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
c. is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
d. is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus

Which statement about the fetus’ placenta is correct?
a. It is a source of nutrients to the fetus.
b. It removes wastes.
c. Where fetus receives blood
d. All are correct.
e. None are correct.

The fetal lungs are breathing amniotic fluid rather than oxygen air.
a. True
b. False

Blood of the fetus is shunted away from the lungs and inside go to the aorta.
a. True
b. False

Pulmonary circuit is under low pressure than the systemic circuits to protect the blood vessels.
a. True
b. False

In the fetus, oxygenated blood from the placenta first enters the___________ of the heart.
a. left atrium
b. left ventricle
c. right atrium
d. right ventricle

The foramen ovale allows more then half the blood returning from the _____ _____ to cross immediately into the _____ _____.
a. right atrium, left atrium
b. left atrium, right atrium
c. left ventricle, right ventricle
d. right atrium, right ventricle
e. left atrium, left ventricle

This connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, which allows bypassing of the pulmonary circuit.
a. Forman ovale
b. ductus arteriosus
c. semilunar valve
d. None the above.

Cephalopods (squid and octopi) have three hearts where two are branchial hearts and one systemic heart.
a. True
b. False

In cephalopods (squid and octopi), deoxygenated blood is pumped by the two branchial hearts across the gills where it is oxygenated. Oxygenated blood then flows to the systemic heart which pumps it to the systemic circulation.
a. True
b. False

Cephalopods have a closed circulatory system.
a. True
b. False

Which of the following have hearts that are composed of 2 atria and 2 ventricles?
a. Humans
b. Water-breathing Fish
c. Reptiles
d. A and C

Which of the following is true regarding the Crocodilian heart?
a. resistance to blood flow in the lungs is low while under water
b. the Foramen of Panizza allows blood flow between ventricles
c. the left ventricle pumps blood into the right aorta during normal breathing
d. the RV-left aorta valve closes shut while under water due to high RV pressure
e. all the above

In the teleost fish, the ventral aorta carries oxygenated blood, and the dorsal aorta carries deoxygenated blood.
a. True
b. False

Which of the following moves O2 through bloodstream?
a. sinus venosus
b. atrium
c. ventricle
d. conus arteriosus
e. All the above

Fish heart chambers consist of.
a. ventricle
b. atrium
c. capillaries
d. valves
e. A and B only.

What is the sequence of oxygenated blood flow into, through and out of the amphibian heart?
a. Lungs → pulmonary vein → left atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → dorsal aorta.
b. Lungs → pulmonary artery → left atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → dorsal aorta.
c. Lungs → pulmonary vein → left atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → systemic arteries.
d. Lungs → pulmonary artery → left atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → systemic arteries.
e. Lungs → pulmonary vein → right atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → systemic arteries.
f. Lungs → pulmonary artery → right atria → ventricle → conus arteriosus → systemic arteries.

In the lungfish the dorsal aorta comes directly off the left ventricle.
a. True
b. False

Lungs, start with O2 diffusion: Tissues, start with CO2 diffusion.
a. True
b. False

Blood leaving the left atrium passes through the
a. right atrioventricular valve
b. pulmonary semilunar valve
c. left atrioventricular valve
d. aortic semilunar valve