The _________ produces the hormone melatonin.
a. pituitary
gland
b. pineal gland
c. thyroid gland
d. pancreatic
gland
e. hypothalamus
b. pineal gland
In __________ diabetes the pancreas is NOT producing insulin.
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. all forms of
a. type I
Insulin functions to __________.
a. promote the storage of
nutrients
b. lower blood glucose level by stimulating liver, fat
& muscle cells to metabolize
c. glucose
d. stimulate
uptake of glucose by cells
e. all the above
d. stimulate uptake of glucose by cells
Where is the pineal gland and what is its function?
a. On top of
the kidneys; produces steroids.
b. On top of the thyroid gland;
produces parathyroid hormone.
c. In the brain; produces
melatonin.
d. Embedded within the pancreas; produces glucagon and insulin.
c. In the brain; produces melatonin.
The pancreatic islets produce __________.
a. insulin and
glucagon
b. pancreatin
c. ACTH and aldosterone
d.
pancreatic digestive enzymes
a. insulin and glucagon
There is/are ______ main type(s) of diabetes mellitus.
a. one
b. two
c. four
d. none of the above
b. two
ACTH controls the secretion of ___________.
a. cortisol
b. aldosterone
c. epinephrine
d. testosterone
a. cortisol
Cortisol is a ___________.
a. sex steriod
b.
glucocorticoid
c. mineralocorticoid
b. glucocorticoid
Melatonin is a hormone that helps to sleep and is produced
by?
a. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid
Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Gland
a. Pineal gland
The adrenal medulla secretes ______ under conditions of stress.
a. norepinephrine
b. epinephrine
c. both
above
d. none the above
c. both above
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ___________.
a. stops the absorption
of calcium from the intestine
b. stimulates the release of
calcium by the kidneys
c. causes blood calcium level to decrease
d. causes blood phosphate level to decrease
e. none the above
d. causes blood phosphate level to decrease
Calcitonin ____________.
a. regulates the calcium level in
blood
b. is balanced by the action of parathyroid hormone
c. increases the deposit of calcium in bone
d. all the above
d. all the above
Which of the following describes the location of the parathyroid
gland?
a. below the thyroid, hence the name "para"
b. above the thyroid, hence the name "para"
c.
embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland
d. distant from the
thyroid but named because there are two and they resemble the thyroid glands
c. embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland
Narrow gaps between nerve cells through which paracrine signals
travel are called
a. Desmosomes
b. calmodulins
c.
synapses
d. integrins
e. maculae
c. synapses
In most cases protein kinases
a. hydrolyze proteins
b.
polymerize amino acids
c. stimulate adenylyl cyclase
d.
bind cGMP
e. add phosphate groups to proteins
e. add phosphate groups to proteins
In which process does a cell release a signaling molecule that
diffuses through extracellular fluid and acts on nearby cells?
a. paracrine regulation
b. neuroendocrine signaling
c. classical endocrine signaling
d. autocrine regulation
a. paracrine regulation
Which of the following regarding circulating hormones is/are not
correct?
a. Synthesised within an endocrine secretory
gland.
b. Enter the blood and travel within the circulation to
their target tissues.
c. Bind to hormone receptors on or within
the target cells.
d. Adrenaline and cortisol are examples of
circulating hormones.
e. All the above are correct.
e. All the above are correct.
Oxytocin secretion causes
a. milk production
b. uterine
contractions.
c. increased urine volume.
d. decreased
blood volume.
e. both a and b
e. both a and b
Which of the following regarding neurohormones is/are not
correct?
a. Synthesised within an endocrine secretory
gland.
b. Enter the blood and travel within the circulation to
their target tissues.
c. Bind to hormone receptors on or within
the target cells.
d. Cortisol and oxytocin are examples of
neurohormones.
e. A and D are incorrect
e. A and D are incorrect
Hormones that are secreted from the anterior pituitary are produced
in
a. the hypothalamus.
b. the anterior pituitary.
c. the posterior pituitary.
d. the infundibulum.
e.
neurosecretory cells.
b. the anterior pituitary.
All steroids are initially synthesised from cholesterol.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
T3 and T4 engage in negative feedback on TRH and TSH.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
When Ca2+ levels begin to rise in the blood, calcitonin is secreted
from the thyroid gland.
a. True
b. False
a. True
The command module of the anterior pituitary where it oversees
releasing and inhibiting hormones that will get travelled throughout
the body and some hormones produced are stored in the posterior
pituitary and it produces ADH and oxytocin.
a. Pineal
gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid Gland
d. Parathyroid
Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
b. Hypothalamus
Type 1 diabetes is more common than type 2 diabetes.
a.
True
b. False
b. False
Steroids commonly bind to receptors within the cell.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
Hormones do not only come in the form of proteins.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
ADH causes water retention by the kindey and thus causes the body to
produce more urine.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Protein kinases are enzymes which stimulate the production of second
messenger molecules.
a. True
b. False
b. False
Thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) in charge of metabolism and
calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium regulation especially when
calcium level is too high in the blood are produced in?
a.
Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid Gland
d.
Parathyroid Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
c. Thyroid Gland
A peptide hormone is angiotensin.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Parathyroid hormone is also involved in calcium regulation especially
when calcium level in the plasma is too low in the blood is produced
by the.
a. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid
Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
Located on top of the kidney and it has an outer region called the
adrenal cortex and the inner region called the Adrenal
Medulla.
a. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid
Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
Steroids and aldosterone hormones production is found in?
a.
Adrenal cortex
b. Adrenal Medulla
c. Pancreas
d.
Thyroid Gland
e. Hypothalamus
a. Adrenal cortex
What is the target organ that interstitial cells are found in these
reproductive organs?
a. Testes
b. adrenal glands
c.
pancreas
d. ovaries
a. Testes
What is the target organ that occurs in a pair and located right
above the kidneys?
a. Testes
b. adrenal glands
c.
pancreas
d. ovaries
b. adrenal glands
What is the target organ that is located close to the stomach and
duodenum and involved in carbohydrate utilization?
a.
Testes
b. adrenal glands
c. pancreas
d. ovaries
c. pancreas
The pituitary gland:
i. Is in the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone.
ii. Is linked to the hypothalamus by the
infundibulum.
iii. Has a posterior portion that contains axon
terminals from hypothalamic neurosecretory cells.
iv. Produces
releasing and inhibiting hormones.
v. Has a vascular connection
with the hypothalamus known as the hypophyseal portal system.
a.
i, ii, and iv
b. ii, iii, iv, and v
c. ii, iii, and
v
d. ii, iv, and v
b. ii, iii, iv, and v
What is the target organ that female gonads that produce female sex
hormones?
a. Testes
b. adrenal glands
c.
pancreas
d. ovaries
d. ovaries
The hormone that regulates the body's biological clock is:
a.
Melatonin
b. Calcitonin
c. Adrenaline
d. Parathyroid hormone
a. Melatonin
Catecholamines hormones production occurs in?
a. Adrenal
cortex
b. Adrenal Medulla
c. Pancreas
d. Thyroid
Gland
e. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenal Medulla
Insulin and glucagon
a. Adrenal cortex
b. Adrenal
Medulla
c. Pancreas
d. Thyroid Gland
e. Hypothalamus
c. Pancreas
Hormones originated in the endocrine cell are released into the
blood, and it is travelled through the blood vessel to the target
cells to cause physiological response.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Hormones that are water soluble will bind to the receptor on the cell
surface.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Hormones that are fat soluble will cross the plasma membrane into the
cell and bind to the receptor.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Which of these are not water-soluble hormones?
a.
Peptides
b. Amines
c. Eicosanoids
d. Steroids
e. Proteins
d. Steroids
Circulating hormones are synthesised within and released from
endocrine cells within an endocrine gland.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Neurohormones adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted from cells
in?
a. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Thyroid
Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
e. Adrenal Gland
If catecholamine hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) bind to α
receptor this will cause blood vessel to constrict (narrowing). When
blood vessels constrict, blood flow is slowed or blocked.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
If catecholamine hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) bind to β
receptor this will cause blood vessel to dilate (wider), so more blood
flow.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Thyroid gland also produces a hormone called calcitonin.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
Circulating hormones that enters the blood vessel and are secreted by
the adrenal gland and bind to a large receptor site either α receptor
or β receptor are:
a. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and Noradrenaline
(Norepinephrine)
b. Parathyroid hormone and Thyroid hormones (T3
& T4)
c. Amine hormones and Parathyroid hormones
d.
Melatonin and aldosterone hormones
e. Steroids hormones and
Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
a. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
What type of cell singling is this that involves the hormones to be
synthesised within, and released from, the secretory endocrine cell
and they will circulate in the blood to bind to a receptor or target
cell.
a. endocrine signalling
b. neuroendocrine
signalling
c. autocrine signaling
d. paracrine signaling
a. endocrine signalling
A hormone that is secreted from a neurosecretory neuron in the brain
like the hormones secreted from neurons in the hypothalamus and
pituitary gland just below the hypothalamus and they will enter the
blood vessel to be transported to target tissues where they bind to
hormone receptors on or in the cell.
a. Circulating
Hormones
b. Neurohormones
c. Parathyroid hormone
d.
Thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
b. Neurohormones
The hypothalamus
a. regulates the secretory activity of the
pituitary gland.
b. is connected to the pituitary gland by the
optic chiasma.
c. has neurons that connect to the anterior
pituitary.
d. contains the infundibulum, which secretes many
hormones.
e. all of these
a. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary.
a. are produced
by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus.
b. are transported
initially by the hypothalamohypophysial portal tract.
c. include
GH and ACTH.
d. are classified as pheromones.
e. both a and b
e. both a and b
Which of the following regarding autocrine/paracrine hormones is/are
correct?
i. Synthesised within an endocrine secretory
gland.
ii. Enter the blood and travel within the circulation to
their target tissues.
iii. Bind to hormone receptors on the
cell-type that released them, or other cells close by.
iv. Any
hormone that is classified as a “circulating hormone” or
“neurohormone” could function in an autocrine/paracrine
manner.
a. i and ii.
b. i and iii.
c. i, ii, and
iii.
d. i, iii, and iv.
e. All are correct.
d. i, iii, and iv.
A type of signaling that remains in the extracellular fluid instead
of entering the blood vessel is known as?
a. Circulating
Hormones
b. Neurohormones
c. Autocrine signaling
d.
paracrine signaling
e. C and D only.
e. C and D only.
Paracrine Signaling involves hormones that are release from an
endocrine cell and they will diffuse through the extracellular fluid
and act on nearby cells that are different from the releasing
cell.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Autocrine Signaling are hormones that are release from an endocrine
cell and will stay in the extra cellular fluid and act and interact on
the same cell type that produced or released them. This is usually a
negative feedback system, where a hormone is released and feeds back
on to the cell itself to inhibit further release of hormones,
preventing over stimulation that can cause problems.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
The organ that responds to the action of a hormone is known as the
_______ organ.
a. Acting
b. Target
c.
Regulation
d. Feedback
e. Promotion
b. Target
One effect of ADH is to
a. decrease urine volume.
b.
increase blood osmolarity.
c. decrease blood volume.
d. all
of these
a. decrease urine volume.
Which of the following is not part of the series of events that lead
to a circulating hormone to exert it’s physiological or biochemical
effect?
a. A hormone is secreted into the blood and travels to
its target tissue.
b. The hormone binds to a receptor on the
plasma membrane.
c. A signal transduction pathway is
activated.
d. There can be cytoplasmic responses such as opening
an ion channel or altering transcription.
e. All the above are
part of the series of events that lead to a circulating hormone
exerting its effect.
e. All the above are part of the series of events that lead to a circulating hormone exerting its effect.
The protein that is found embedded in the cell membrane and allows
the hormone to bind to it is known as the ______.
a. mRNA
b. secondary messenger
c. receptor
d. receiver
e. nucleus
c. receptor
In both autocrine and paracrine signaling, the hormones still exert
their effects by acting on receptors (on or within the cell).
a.
True
b. False
a. True
Anterior pituitary hormones
a. have a short half-life.
b.
are lipid soluble.
c. include oxytocin and ADH.
d. are
eicosanoids.
e. are under control by releasing and inhibiting
hormones from the hypothalamus
e. are under control by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
Hormones:
i. Generally, utilize negative feedback mechanisms to
regulate their secretion.
ii. Can affect target cells far removed
from the hormone-producing cells.
iii. Must always bind to
transport proteins to circulate in the blood.
iv. May be released
in low concentrations but can produce large effects in the target
cells because of amplification.
a. i, ii, iii
b. i, ii,
iv
c. ii, iii, iv
d. i, iii, iv
b. i, ii, iv
Human growth hormone (hGH) causes.
a. increased insulin-like
growth factor (IGF) production.
b. increased fat storage.
c.
increased glycogen breakdown.
d. increased use of glucose as an
energy source.
e. decreased uptake of amino acids into the cells.
a. increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF) production.
Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) promote T cell
maturation.
a. True
b. False
b. False
T3 and T4 stimulate metabolism and regulate development and inhibit
the release of TRH from the hypothalamus and TSH from the anterior
pituitary.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Which type of hormones are catecholamines?
a. Steroid
hormones.
b. Amine hormones.
c. Angiotensin
d. Catechol
hormones.
e. Carboxyl hormones.
b. Amine hormones.
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) serves as a circulating hormone and not a
neurotransmitter.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Which of the following are true regarding the role (hormone or
neurotransmitter) played by the catecholamines, dopamine,
noradrenaline, and adrenaline?
a. Dopamine is a hormone;
Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter and hormone; Adrenaline is a
neurotransmitter.
b. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter;
Noradrenaline is a hormone; Adrenaline, is a hormone.
c. Dopamine
is a hormone; Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter; Adrenaline is a
hormone.
d. Dopamine is neurotransmitter and hormone;
Noradrenaline is neurotransmitter and hormone; Adrenaline is
hormone.
e. Dopamine is neurotransmitter; Noradrenaline is a
neurotransmitter and hormone; Adrenaline is hormone.
e. Dopamine is neurotransmitter; Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter and hormone; Adrenaline is hormone.
Which of the following is secreted by the adrenal gland?
a.
Glucagon
b. Norepinephrine
c. thyroid hormone
d.
gastrin
e. estrogen
b. Norepinephrine
Hormones can also be peptides. Which type of the hormone are a
peptide?
a. Steroid hormones.
b. Amine hormones.
c.
Angiotensin
d. Catechol hormones.
e. Carboxyl hormones.
c. Angiotensin
Which organ constantly produces a protein called angiotensinogen
which is always present in the blood.
a. Liver
b.
Pancreas
c. Thyroid Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
e. Kidney
a. Liver
Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
a. are secreted from
the posterior pituitary.
b. travel through the hypophyseal portal
system.
c. travel through the hypothalamohypophysial
tract.
d. influence the release of hormones from the posterior
pituitary.
e. affect target cells throughout the body.
b. travel through the hypophyseal portal system.
Renin is an enzyme which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
(in the blood) is produced by which organ?
a. Liver
b.
Pancreas
c. Thyroid Gland
d. Parathyroid Gland
e. Kidney
e. Kidney
The factors that stimulate secretion of ADH include
a. increased
blood osmolarity.
b. decreased blood pressure.
c. decreased
blood volume.
d. all of these
d. all of these
Which of the following with respect to the renin-angiotensin system
is/are not correct?
a. Renin and Angiotensinogen is released from
the liver into the blood.
b. Renin cleaves off a small part of
angiotensinogen thereby producing angiotensin I.
c. Angiotensin
I is converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme
(ACE) that line the walls of capillaries within the liver.
d.
Angiotensin II (and angiotensin I) have multiple effects on blood
pressure, water balance and ion regulation.
e. A and C are incorrect.
e. A and C are incorrect.
Rein will then convert angiotensin to angiotensin I in the
blood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Liver always produces angiotensin, and the angiotensin will be found
circulating the blood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
1. Which organ always produce angiotensinogen?
a. Liver
b.
Kidney
c. Pancreas
d. Adrenal Cortex
a. Liver
Angiotensin II is the final product of the renin-angiotensin
system.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Peptides are angiotensin 1, 2 serves in regulating water, ion
balance, and blood pressure.
a. True
b. False
a. True
As angiotensin 1 passes through the lungs, angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) converts it to angiotensin 2.
a. True
b. False
a. True
The main class of steroids are.
a. Sex steroids
b.
Glucocorticoids
c. Mineralocorticoids
d. Only A and B are
correct.
e. All are correct.
e. All are correct.
________ hormones usually pass through the cell membrane by
diffusion.
a. Steroid
b. Exocrine
c. protein
d.
Peptide
e. Polypeptide
a. Steroid
Catecholamines is produced only by which part of the body?
a.
Adrenal Cortex
b. Adrenal Medulla
c. Anterior
Pituitary
d. Amines
b. Adrenal Medulla
For a hormone to influence a target cell, it must bind to a hormone
receptor. These receptors can either be located on the plasma membrane
or within the cell (in the cytosol or in the nucleus).
a.
True
b. False
a. True
Which part of the body produces the Steroids and aldosterone
a.
Adrenal Medulla
b. Thyroid Gland
c. Parathyroid
Gland
d. Adrenal Cortex
d. Adrenal Cortex
Which of the following is/are not a feature of steroid
hormones?
a. They are derivatives of cholesterol.
b. They
are lipophobic (hydrophilic).
c. They bind to hormone receptors
within the cell rather than those on the plasma membrane.
d. They
are transported in the blood via carrier proteins.
e. All the
above are features of steroid hormones.
b. They are lipophobic (hydrophilic).
Which of the following is NOT secreted by the anterior
pituitary?
a. growth hormone
b. adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
c. prolactin
d. thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH)
e. epinephrine (adrenaline)
e. epinephrine (adrenaline)
Which of the following features of steroid hormones result from their
lipophilic nature?
a. They regulate growth, mineral balance, and
sexual/reproductive function.
b. They need to undergo metabolism
in the liver before being excreted in the urine.
c. They bind to
hormone receptors within the cell rather than those on the plasma
membrane.
d. They are transported in the blood via carrier
proteins.
e. All the above are correct.
e. All the above are correct.
Phosphorylation is performed by enzymes referred to as protein
kinases while dephosphorylation is performed by enzymes called protein
phosphatases.
a. True
b. False
a. True
As hormones interact with a cell, it is either through the binding to
a receptor on the cell’s surface if it is an amine or peptide
hormones, and this is known as Cell Surface Receptors.
a.
True
b. False
a. True
The binding to a receptor inside the cell if it is a steroid hormone
and this is known as Intracellular Receptors.
a. True
b. False
a. True
If the hormone receptor is in the nucleus, then the hormone-receptor
complex will interact with DNA to alter/regulate transcription.
a. True
b. False
a. True
If the hormone receptor is in the cytosol, then the hormone-receptor
complex must first move from the cytosol into the nucleus before it
can interact with DNA to alter transcription.
a. True
b. False
a. True
When a steroid hormone triggers an alteration in transcription, what
binds to the DNA to initiate this alteration?
a. The steroid
hormone itself.
b. The steroid hormone receptor that has been
“activated”.
c. The complex of the steroid hormone and the
steroid hormone’s receptor.
d. The second messenger, cAMP that
was produced by the binding of the steroid to its receptor.
e. A
“transcription element” that was activated by the binding of the
steroid to its receptor.
c. The complex of the steroid hormone and the steroid hormone’s receptor.
When a steroid hormone binds to its receptor on a target cell, where
is this most likely to happen?
a. On the plasma membrane.
b.
In the cytosol.
c. In the nucleus.
d. B and C only.
e.
All the above.
d. B and C only.
Diuresis increase in urine flow and Anti-diuretics prevents increases
in urine flow.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) will travel down the axon and
stored in the synaptic terminal of the posterior pituitary and when
they are needed, they are released into the blood to get to the target
tissue, and they are synthesised within the cell bodies of these
neurosecretory cells.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Oxytocin stimulate uterine contractions in labor and childbirth and
to stimulate contractions of breast tissue to aid in lactation after
childbirth so milk production.
a. True
b. False
a. True
Cell bodies of neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus
produce.
a. Oxytocin
b. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c.
protein
d. Both A and B are correct
e. All the above
d. Both A and B are correct
Which of the following, with respect to oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormone is/are correct?
a. They are produced within
neurosecretory neurons within the thalamus.
b. They are
transported from the cell bodies within the thalamus, down the axon,
to the nerve terminals located in the anterior pituitary.
c. They
are stored in these nerve terminals within the anterior
pituitary.
d. They are released into the blood upon appropriate
stimuli.
e. All the above are correct.
d. They are released into the blood upon appropriate stimuli.
In addition to oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, the hypothalamus
has a host of other neurosecretory cells that influence the activity
of the pituitary gland. Which of the following steps in this process
is/are incorrect?
a. Releasing-hormones (RH) and inhibiting
hormones (IH) are produced within neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus.
b. These RH and IH are secreted into a capillary
bed within the hypothalamus.
c. This capillary bed drains into a
portal vein (the hypothalamic-pituitary portal vein) which transports
the RH and IH to a capillary bed within the anterior
pituitary.
d. RH and IH diffuse out of these capillaries and then
stimulate and inhibit, respectively, the release of various anterior
pituitary hormones.
e. All these processes are correct.
e. All these processes are correct.
Pitocin is a synthetic form of _____ used during childbirth to induce
labor artificially.
a. oxytocin
b. estrogen
c.
progesterone
d. thyroid hormone
e. the pituitary hormone
a. oxytocin
stimulates milk production in mammary glands.
a.
Gonadotropins
b. Endorphins
c. Prolactin
d.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
e. thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)
f. Growth hormone
c. Prolactin
inhibiting the sensation of pain in the pain pathway
a.
Gonadotropins
b. Endorphins
c. Prolactin
d.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
e. thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH)
f. Growth hormone
b. Endorphins
Which statement are incorrect about the Hypothalamus and the
Posterior Pituitary?
a. Oxytocin and ADH are released into the
blood and stored in the nerve terminals which reside in the posterior
pituitary.
b. Oxytocin and ADH travel down the axon.
c. Cell
bodies of neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus produce oxytocin
and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
d. All are correct.
d. All are correct.
Which of these conditions causes increased TRH secretion?
a.
increased T3 secretion
b. increased T4 secretion
c. low
metabolic rate
d. prolonged fasting
e. all of these
c. low metabolic rate
The adrenal cortex releases cortisone to help the body deal
with:
a. flight-or-fight responses
b. long-term stress
c. excess urine production
d. acromegaly
e. cancer
b. long-term stress
The regulation of adrenal gland (adrenal cortex) function by
neurohormones that originate from the hypothalamus and the pituitary
gland and is more of a long-term stress response is refer to
as?
a. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
b. The
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
c. Thyroid and Parathyroid
Hormones: Calcium Regulation
d. hypothalamic-pituitary portal
system
e. signal transduction pathway
b. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
161. Which of the following regarding the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is incorrect?
a. The
hypothalamus produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
b.
CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce
adrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH).
c. ACTH stimulates
the adrenal medulla to release cortisol.
d. Cortisol inhibits
further CRH and ACTH release.
e. Cortisol enhances energy availability.
c. ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to release cortisol.
Neurohormones from the pituitary gland regulate the function of the
adrenal gland (cortex).
a. True
b. False
a. True
Neurohormones from the hypothalamus regulate the function of the
pituitary gland.
a. True
b. False
a. True
All of the following are roles of the endocrine system
EXCEPT:
a. Maintain internal environment
b. Regulate energy
availability
c. Impacts growth and development
d. None of
the above
d. None of the above
What is the posterior pituitary hormone that is secreted in response
to a low blood volume and concentrated blood, as occurs in
dehydration?
a. T3 and T4
b. ADH
c. ACTH
d. None
are correct
b. ADH
A decrease in plasma calcium is the stimulus for what's
release?
a. Releasing Hormones
b. Growth Hormone
c.
Parathyroid Hormone
c. Parathyroid Hormone
Where are the beta and alpha cells of the islets of
Langerhans?
a. Pancreas
b. Testes
c. Ovaries
a. Pancreas
What is the target gland of TSH?
a. Thyroid Gland
b.
Ovaries
c. Testes
d. None of the above
a. Thyroid Gland
Secretions of what gland contribute to the fight-or-flight
response?
a. Adrenal Medulla
b. Anterior Pituitary
Gland
c. Posterior Pituitary Gland
d. None are correct
a. Adrenal Medulla
Which of the following is not an anterior pituitary gland secretion?
a. TSH
b. GH
c. ADH
d. Prolactin
c. ADH
Angiotensin I is changed by which of the following into Angiotensin
II in the blood?
a. ACE
b. AVT
c. Pepsin
d. Adenosine
a. ACE
The adrenal cortex is comprised of the following.
a.
Mineralocorticoids
b. Glucocorticoids
c. Sex
hormones
d. All the above
d. All the above
Insulin transports glucose into our tissue where it is
needed.
a. True
b. False
a. True
___is not a steroid hormone.
a. Insulin
b.
Progesterone
c. Aldosterone
d. Estradiol
e. Cortisol
a. Insulin
Releasing hormone targets, the
a. Anterior pituitary
(adenohypophysis)
b. Thyroid gland
c. Thyroid
hormone
d. Hypothalamus
e. Posterior pituitary (neurohyphophysis)
a. Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the
a. Pancreas
b.
Hypothalamus
c. Kidneys
d. Adrenal gland
e. Anterior
pituitary (adenohypophysis)
c. Kidneys
Endocrine gland(s)
a. Release their secretion directly into the
blood
b. Have an unusually low density of blood
capillaries
c. Secrete their products by way of ducts
d.
Secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target
cells, but have extracellular effects
e. Secretions may be
released into the body surface
a. Release their secretion directly into the blood
The___ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine
function.
a. Pancreas
b. Kidney
c. Thyroid
gland
d. Parathyroid gland
e. Adrenal gland
b. Kidney
Cortisol
a. Stimulates glucose intake by most organs
b.
Promotes glycogen synthesis
c. Stimulates protein
synthesis
d. Inhibits fat digestion
e. Promotes breakdown of
fat and protein
e. Promotes breakdown of fat and protein
Which of the following cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
a.
Alpha cell
b. Beta Cell
c. Delta Cell
d. Exocrine
cells
e. Duct cells
b. Beta Cell
Stress stimulates secretion of which of the following
hormones?
a. Growth hormone
b. Epinephrine
c. Thyroid
hormone
d. ACTH
e. All the above
e. All the above
Insulin and glucagon both help regulate plasma Glucose
concentration.
a. True
b. False
a. True
ADH is known as ________ and secreted by _________?
a.
Antidiuretic Hormone & Pituitary Anterior
b. Antidiuretic
Hormone & Pituitary Posterior
c. Aldosterone & Adrenal
Cortex
Adrogens and Adrenal Medulla
b. Antidiuretic Hormone & Pituitary Posterior
1. The main control center of the endocrine system is
a.
Pituitary Gland
b. Thyroid Gland
c. Hypothalamus
d.
Adrenal Cortex
c. Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus controls the ______ by releasing hormones and
________.
a. Posterior Pituitary & stimulating
hormones
b. Thyroid gland & inhibiting hormones
c.
Anterior Pituitary & inhibiting hormones
d. Thyroid gland
& stimulating hormones
c. Anterior Pituitary & inhibiting hormones
A group of cells that gives off or secretes chemicals.
a.
Artery
b. Vein
c. Gland
c. Gland
Bodily chemical messengers that send messages from one set of cells
to another, affecting changes.
a. Hormones
b.
Nephrons
c. Alveoli
a. Hormones
These release hormones in conjunction with stress.
a.
Adrenal
b. Pituitary
c. Tnyroid
a. Adrenal
Examples of water-soluble hormones
a. Amines
b.
Protein
c. Peptides
d. Glycopeptides
e. All the above
e. All the above
Which of the following is least descriptive of the
hypothalamus?
a. Secretes releasing hormones
b. Controls the
secretion of the anterior pituitary gland
c. Secretes ACTH, TSH,
and gonadotropins.
d. Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH
c. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins.
The adrenal cortex
a. Is the target gland of ACTH
b.
Secretes catecholamines
c. Is an extension of the sympathetic
nervous system
d. Secretes ADH and oxytocin
a. Is the target gland of ACTH
Catecholamines
a. Include cortisol, aldosterone, and
testosterone
b. Are secreted by the adrenal cortex
c. Lower
plasma glucose
d. Include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
d. Include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
The only hormone that lowers blood glucose is
a.
Glucagon
b. Insulin
c. Epinephrine
d. Cortisol
b. Insulin
Some hormones affect a cell by binding to membrane receptors while
others diffuse into the cell. The hormones that bind to the membrane
receptors are called __________ and the hormones that diffuse into the
cell are called __________.
a. lipid‐soluble; cyclic
b.
cyclic; water‐soluble
c. water‐soluble; lipid‐soluble
c. water‐soluble; lipid‐soluble
Endocrine products are initially secreted into __________.
a.
ducts
b. glands
c. the bloodstream
c. the bloodstream
Which of the following hormones activates the cell's DNA and “turns
on” a specific gene ultimately causing the cell to respond?
a.
steroid
b. protein
c. water‐soluble
a. steroid