parental
the most common routes of administration for medication in the operating room
External drug administration route
through the gastrointestinal track
Oral Administration route
placed in the mouth and swallowed
Rectal Administration route
other than through the gastrointestinal tract by injection
Parenteral Administration route
other than through the gastrointestinal tract by injection
Intradermal Administration route
place between the layers of skin
Subcutaneous Administration route
placed into the adipose tissue layers of the skin ( fat
Intramuscular Administration route
placed in the muscles
Intravenous Administration route
place directly into a vein
intraarticular Administration route
placed into a joint
INTRATHECAL Administration route
placed into the sub arachnoid space
Intracardiac Administration route
place into the heart
topical Administration route
applied to the skin or mucous membrane to provide a localized or systemic effect
Buccal Administration route
place between the cheeks and the teeth gums until it is dissolved and or absorbed.
sublingual Administration route
placed under the tongue until it is dissolved and or absorbed.
Installation Administration route
placed in a hollow or cavity such as the conjunctival fold of the bladder
Inhalation Administration route
directly administer to the respiratory tract usually as gas or aerosol.
drug preparation Liquid
two primary types of liquid preparation solution and suspension
drug preparation Solution
drug (solute) is dissolved in a liquid(solvent)
drug preparation Aqueous
solution prepared in water.
drug preparation Syrup
sweetened aqueous solution
drug preparation Tincture
solution prepared with alcohol.
drug preparation Elixir
sweetened alcohol solution
Medications for use in the United states are required to undergo review and approved by
FDA
Three different names are assigned to each drug what are they
trade name brand name and proprietary name
Two legal drug classifications most commonly used are
prescription medications and over-the-counter medications
Controlled substance
those drugs with a higher potential to cause psychological and or physical dependency and abuse
The controlled Subitance Act of 1970
designates certain drugs as controlled substances classifying these substances according to their level of addictiveness and therapeutic potential
Class 4 include
drugs for which there is a relatively low abuse potential and for which there is a current approved medical use benzodiazepines
this category consists mainly for pre preparation containing limited amounts of certain narcotic drugs for the use to treat coughing and diarrhea cough syrup with codeine
Class five drugs
Well documented studies demonstrating no risk to the fetus during any trimester
FDA pregnancy category A
FDA pregnancy category B
No evidence of fetal risk in animal trials however no adequate studies in pregnant women
FDA pregnancy category C
Evidence of fetal risk in animal studies however no adequate studies in pregnant women have benefits of use in pregnancy may outweigh potential risks
FDA pregnancy category D
Evidence of risk in human trials however benefit may still outweigh risks
FDA pregnancy category X
Studies on pregnant women demonstrate that the fetus abnormalities and risk outweighs benefit of use in pregnancy
FDA pregnancy category N
Drug has not been classified by the FDA
800 milligram Motrin tablets require
a prescription
includes substances for which there is a high abuse potential and no currently approved medical use
Class 1
PRN
as needed in order allowing the patient to express a need for a postoperative analgesic or stool softener
Stat
immediately or at once
any order given by the surgeon or anesthesia provider during the course of a surgical procedure
Verbal
the concentration of medication is the ratio of
solute to solvent the two components of a solution
the dose
is the overall amount of medication delivered to the patient
the application
is the medications use in the surgical setting
the cumulative dose
is the total amount of medication given to the patient
In order to calculate medication dosage on the sterile field the surgical technology needs to understand two basic concepts
concentration and cumulative dose