1st red scare
fear of infiltration/immigration/atheism
Great Migrations
african americans migrated north and got jobs during ww1
Adkins v Child
voided minimum wage for women in DC
Palmer Raids
direct suppression of civil liberties, hundreds deported without cause, targeted Communists
Sacco and Vanzetti
arrested for murded when innocent, never saw an appeal
women start fighting for
healthcare
ERA- Equal Rights Amendment
full gender equality, Alice Paul
Associated state
voluntary cooperation between business and gov
Dollar Diplomacy
US loaning to foreign nations, military intervention secured debt repayment
Prohibition
ban on manufacture and sale of alcohol, targets immigrants, beginning of organized crime
Scopes Monkey Trial
teacher arrested for teaching evolution
National Origins Act/ Quota System/Immigration Act
limits annual immigration to 2% of one nationality
Ends Solid South
Hoover's win in 1928
Harlem Renaissance
African American artistic movement in Harlem in the 20s, used context of racial oppression to create, jazz
Lost Generation
artists, alienated from mass culture following WW1, wrote about dehumanization of war, dark humanity, materialism (Great Gatsby)
Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which paved way for pan-Africanism
Pan Africanism
shared destiny, common participation of people of African descent
Roaring 20's
growth of credit, cars were the symbol of consumerism, credit paved way to the Great Depression
Soft Power
using pop culture to influence voters and consumers
Smoot Hawley Tariff
high taxes on foreign goods to stimulate economy by people buying America, backfired with retalitory tariffs from other countries (Hoover tried to fix GD)
Bonus Army
WW1 vets trying to collect pensions in DC, camped out but camps were burned down by Gen. MacArthur
1932 Election
beginning of party shift, FDR elected (democrat)
New Deal
expansion of social welfare, individual rights, big gov
Keynesian economics (spending money to get out of depression)
New Deal just stops economic decline, doesn't increase economy
women not directly addressed in most policies
First 100 days of FDR
democratic majority in Congress, 4 problems dealt with-
-bank failures
-agr over production
-business slump
-unemployment
Banking Resolutions
solved fastest
emergency banking act
glass steagall act
Emergency Banking Act
banks can only reopen when they have money in reserves
Glass Steagall Act
FDIC (Fed Deposit Insurance Corp) created, insured banks, SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) to regulate market
AAA (Agr Adjustment Act)
cut production, raised crop prices, benefits farmers and bankers, helped to fix agr over production
NRA (National Recovery Admin)
promoted industrial recovery with gov support
PWA (Public Works Administration)
men and women, helps create jobs, helped to fix business slump
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
provided jobs to unemployed men to build public works
2nd New Deal
made more deals in reaction to liberals saying not enough was being done
'welfare state'
created social security
Wagner Act
upheld right to unionize, which stopped strikes
Francis Perkins
1st female cabinet member (Secretary of Labor)
FDR's Black Cabinet
cabinet of African Americans, worked on specific programs, never prioritized so FDR could keep southern support
Scottsboro Boys
9 boys convicted of rape when innocent
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Collier, helped Indians
Indian Reorganization Act
Collier, reversed Dawes Severalty Act, gives land back to Natives
TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)
focused on flood control, reforestation, electricity generation (so farmers can hear him on radio and vote for FDR)
Dust Bowl
series of dust storms in the plains due to a drought
Okies
people in the plains who moved west due to dust bowl
Origin of Fascism
Italy, Mussolini
Kellog-Briand Pact
nations would use diplomacy rather than violence to solve disputes
Neutrality Act of 1938
embargo on selling arms to warring countries, American government is not responsible for transport ships in danger, 'cash and carry'
Popular Front
Americans who advocated for greater US involvement in Europe, lost popularity after Communists joined
Munich Conference 1938
GB and France allowed Germany to annex Sudetenland
Sudetenland
German-Czech Border
Rome-Berlin Axis
Germany and Italy, said they would share resources but stay out of each other's way
Four Freedoms Speech
FDR gives speech to say Europe deserves freedom US has
-freedom of speech
-freedom on religion
-freedom from want
-freedom from fear
Lend Lease Act 1941
allowed GB to obtain arms from US without cash, but promise to reimburse after the war, unofficial entrance of the US into WW2
Atlantic Charter 1941
FDR meeting with Churchill, discussing plans for the war and for after the war, the basis for the UN
GI Bill
gave housing, healthcare, and education to veterans
originated in FDR's attempted 2nd Bill of Rights
Spanish American War
marked america becoming a true imperialist
Teller Amendment
said Cuba could only make deals and treaties with the US, but the US wouldn't invade Cuba
Babbitt
showed shallow and superficial nature of society
Wilson's 14 Points
-anti imperialist
-free trade
-self determination
-end to secret treaties
-international peace keeping body
Executive Order 9066
allowed for removal and internment of Japanese-Americans after Pearl Harbor
Executive Order 8802
banned discrimination of workers in defense industries
Jones Act
US would grant Philippines sovereignty as soon as it established a stable government
Teddy Roosevelt's Expansionist Policies
-Roosevelt Corollary
-Big Stick Diplomacy
Committee on Public Information
propaganda for support in WW1
Causes of economic bust
credit and stock market speculation
'America First'
Isolationism and neutrality
FDR's Quarantine Speech
basically American Exceptionalism
promoted abandoming isolationism
Ended the Great Depression
WW2 Spending
Lend Lease Act
President during Spanish American War
McKinley
President during WW1
Wilson
President during WW2
FDR
WW1 and WW2 similarity
-late involvement
-bettered economy
-segregated military
-more opportunity for women and African Americans
-attempted isolation
WW1 and WW2 differences
-ww1= joined because of foreign loans, didn't sign peace treaty, returned to isolationism after, women went back to no rights
-ww2= joined because attacked, signed peace treaty, remained out of isolationism, women gained more rights and stayed in public sphere
Schenck vs US
freedom of speech unless it poses clear and present danger
Manhattan Project
atomic bomb project