Functions of Joints
movement, bone growth, and childbirth
Characteristics of Joints
Weakest structure in the body
Structural Joint Types
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Synarthrotic
not moveable
Amphinarthrotic
slightly moveable (vertebrae)
Diathrotic
moveable joint
Fibrous
synarthortic (immoveable)
Ex.) sutures- skull and teeth
Cartalaginous
amphorthortic (slightly moveable)
Ex.) between vertebrae, ribs, pubis symphaysis
Synovial
Diathrotic (freely moveable)
Ex.) shoulder- ball in socket, hip, knee, all moving joints
Flexion
reduce angle of the joint
ex.) curl arm up
Extension
increase angle of the joint
ex.) extend arm straight
Hypertension
joint moves beyond normal motion
ex.) tilting head all the way back
Rotation
not a complete circle rotation
ex.) head only moves from one side to the other not all the way around
Circumduction
full circle rotation
ex.) moving shoulder in a circle
Adduction
moving joint closer to the body
ex.) moving arm down toward the side
Abduction
moving joint away from the body
ex.) moving arm up away from the body
Elevation
raise
ex.) shrugging the shoulders
Depression
lower
ex.) lowering shoulders down after raising
Protraction
push forward
Retraction
pull back, bring together
Inversion
to roll in, toe up
ex.) rolling ankle out, like I did
Eversion
to roll out, pinky toe up
ex.) rolling ankle in
Supination
palms are up
Pronation
palms are down
Dorsiflexion
toes are pointing back
ex.) pulling toes back
Plantar Flexion
toes are pointing down
ex.) pointing toes out, like a ballerina