War of the Roses
Fight for English Throne
Tudor
Won War of the Roses
Spanish Armada
Trying to convert England to Catholicism; Spain's navel fleet under Phillip II
James I (Stuart)
Son of Mary Stuart; King of Scotland and England; King James version of Bible; Jamestown (1604) Plymouth (1620)
Charles I
King of England; Signed Petition of Right; Started English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell
General of Puritan/Roundheads; Ruled as a military dictator; Established Commonwealth; Imposes Puritan values
Charles II
Restored the monarchy; Passed the Habeas Corpus
Restoration
Restoring the monarchy
Glorious Revolution
William III and Mary II invade England to take over
William and Mary
Come to powers as a result of Glorious Revolution in 1688
Habeas Corpus
Ensures citizens the right to see a judge and charged w a crime or released
English Bill of Rights of 1689
Parliament is more powerful than the monarchy; Parliament is limited constitutional monarchy
Cabinet
Group of advisors to the monarchy
Prime Minister
Leader of cabinet
Limited Constitutional Monarchy
Parliament more powerful than monachy
Act of Toleration
Religious freedom to dissectors
Act of Settlement
No catholic can inherit the throne of England
Act of Union
Joined Scotland and England together United Kingdom
Jamestown
Named after James I 1st permanent English colony
Plymouth
Named after James I 1st permanent English colony
French and Indian War
France vs England England wins
Treaty of Paris 1763
Ended French and Indian War
Bourbons
Dynasty of France
Cardinal Richelieu
Destroyed the power of the nobles and Huguenots
Louis XIV
Ruled for 72 years
Hapsburgs
Powerful German State
Pragmatic Sanction
European rules agreed to leave Hapsburgs lands intact and accept Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa
Pragmatic Sanction allowed her to rule; lots of war with Prussia
Hohenzollerns
A member of the royal family that ruled in Romania from 1866 to 1947, in Prussia from 1701 to 1912, and the German Empire from 1871 to 1918
Frederick II (the Great)
Ruled Prussia from 1740 until his death, leading his nation through multiple wars with Austria and its allies; Expanded border
Romanovs
A member of the imperial dynasty of Russia that ruled from 1613-1917
Peter the Great
Westernworth, St. Petersburg, cold water port
Catherine the Great
Warm water port, schools for girls, punished surfs
Nicolaus Copernicus
Discovered the heliocentric theory
Heliocentric Theory
Sun is the center of the universe
Johannes Kepler
Obrit of the earth is elliprical (planetary motion)
Galileo Galilei
New and improved telescope
Isaac Newton
Laws of gravity calculus
William Harvey
Discovered circulation of blood
Sir Francis Bacon
Scientific Method