Skeleton
Constructed of two of the most supportive tissues found in the human body: cartilage and bone.
In embryos, the skeleton is composed mainly of______ cartilage
Hyaline
Site for blood cell formation
Red marrow cavities
Axial skeleton
Bones that form the body's longitudinal axis
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the girdles and limbs
Bone markings
Bumps, holes, and ridges
Tuberosity
Large rounded projection; may be roughened
Crest
Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
Trochanter
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process. Only on the femur.
Line
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
Epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
Spine
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Ramus
Arm-like bar of bone
Head
Boney expansion carried on a narrow neck
Facet
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Condyle
Rounded articular projection
Meatus
Canal-like passageway
Sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Fossa
Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Groove
Slit-like furrow
Fissure
Narrow slit-like opening
Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
Compact bone
Dense and looks smooth and homogenous. Riddled with passageways carrying blood vessels and nerves that provide the living bone cells with needed substances and a way to eliminate wastes.
Spongy bone
Composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open space
Long bones
Longer than they are wide, made mostly of compact bone. Example :the femur
Short bones
Typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone than compact bone. Example: the tarsals and carpels
Flat bones
Generally thin, with a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two wafer like layers of compact bone. Example: Bones of the skull
Diaphysis
The shaft
Periosteum
Fibrous membrane that covers the bone surface. Many fibers of the _____ (Sharpey's fibers) penetrate into the bone.
Epiphysis
The end of the long bone, composed of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing spongy bone
Articular Cartlidge
Covers the epithelial surface in place of the curiosity periosteum . Composed of glassy hyaline cartilage, provides a smooth surface to prevent friction at joint surfaces.
Epiphyseal plate
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that provides for growth in bone length. When bone growth ends, these areas are replaced with bone and called epiphyseal lines.
Yellow marrow
Adipose tissue inside the medullary cavity. In babies the red marrow fills this central cavity.
Endosteum
Lines the medullary cavity
Trabeculae
Composes spongy bone
Central Haversian canal
Runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels and nerves through the bony matrix
Lacunae
Chambers where osteocytes are found in living bone
Lamellae
Arranged in concentric circles around the central canal
Osteon or Haversian system
A central canal and all the lamellae surrounding it
Canaliculi
Tiny canals running from a central canal to the lacunae of the first lamella and then from lamella to lamella.
Volkman's canals
These canals run into the compact bone and marrow cavities from the periosteum, at right angles to the bone shaft.