Human Anatomy and Physiology: A & P Lab Weeks 4-7 Flashcards

pertains to the bones of the body (Head & Thorax)

refers to the extremities (arms and legs)

attach bone to bone

attach bone to muscle

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
sutural

found between the skull bones

the ends of the bone (head)

a thin layer of compact bone surrounding a larger network of spongy bone

the long, hollow shaft of the bone

compact bone

the flared region where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet

cavity within the diaphysis

yellow marrow (adipose tissue)

dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of a bone that contains fibers

allow blood vessels and nerves to penetrate into the bone
provides vascularity and nutrients
serves as an area of attachment

lining of the medullary cavity

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

between the epiphysis and the diaphysis are the metaphyses (growing portion of the bone)

where cartilage from the epiphyseal plate has calcified

dense and relatively solid forming the shaft of the diaphysis

forms an open network of trabeculae in the inner portion of the diaphysis and most of the epiphysis

red marrow

pattern of concentric rings that make up compact bone

run vertically through the bone and contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

run horizontally through the bone

rings that encircle the central canal

small spaces located within and between the lamellae

small channels that interconnect lacunae

(mature) bone cell

responsible for the production of new bone

osteogenesis

break down and remove bone

a projection or bump

angle of a bone

very large, rough, rounded projection
present only in the femur

large (smaller than trochanter) rough, rounded projection

small, rough, rounded projection

prominent projection or ridge

narrow, low ridge

pointed process

expanded, round surface at the end of a bone

large, convex projection that usually contacts another bone

grooved surface shaped like a pulley

small, smooth, flat surface

shallow depression or concavity

natural opening on a bone surface for nerves and/or blood vessels

deep cleft between adjacent parts of bone

canal

hollow space within the bone

immovable joints

zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone

bony prominence behind ear

pillar

turkish saddle
pituitary gland occupies this fossa

together with volmer makes up bony nasal septum

forms roof of nasal cavity

(cock's comb) falx cerebri (membrane) in brain attaches here

large opening in the occipital through which the spinal cord passes to brain

of the occipital bone

of the occipital bone

fibrous membranes which eventually form sutures of cranium

allow for fetal skull to be compressed during birth as well as growth of brain during early stages of life

horse shore shaped bone, located in the throat above larynx

point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles

gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle, ball & socket, condyloid

carpal & tarsal

elbow & knee

atlas/axis

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

shoulder & hip

(modified ball & socket) metacarpaophalangeal (knuckle)

bending motion in which the angle between two bones is decreased

straightening motion in which the angle between two bones increases (often restores body to correct anatomical position)

extension beyond the correct anatomical position

flexion of the ankle joint, as when you dig your heel

extension of the ankle and elevation of the heel, as when you stand on your tip toe

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, movement of the toes or fingers away from the longitudinal axis of the hand or foot (spreading the fingers)

movement of a limb towards the midline of the body, movement of the fingers or toes towards the midline of the hand or foot (brining the fingers back together)

movement in which distal end of the bone moves in a circular motion while the proximal end remains stable; as when you move your arm in a large circle

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis, as when you shake your head "no"

a pivoting motion of the forearm that turns the palm downwards or backward, crossing the radius diagonally over the ulna

a pivoting movement of the forearm that turns the palm forward or upward , making the radius parallel with the ulna

angular movement in which the thumb is brought to touch a finger of the extended finger, as when you touch your thumb to your little finger of the same hand

movement that returns thumb to anatomical position, opposite of opposition

movement of the sole of the foot inward (medially)

movement of the sole of the foot outward (laterally)

moving a part of the body forward on a horizontal plane, forward movement

moving a part of the body backward on a horizontal plane, backward movement

movement of a part of the body upward, such as when you shrug your shoulders

movement of a part of the body downward, such as when you open your mouth

the bone is broken but does not break through the skin

the bone is broken and breaks through the skin

the bone breaks completely into two pieces

the bone does not break completely into two or more pieces

associated with the skeleton, attached to bone by tendons

found in the walls of the heart

found in the walls of internal organs

cardiac and skeletal muscles

the product of the highly organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within each fiber

actin and myosin => myofilaments => sarcomere => myofibrils => myofibers => muscle

tough cords of connective tissue
attach bone to muscle

flat sheets of connective tissue

attach bone to bone

the point of attachment of a muscle that shows relatively little movement during contraction

the point of attachment of a muscle that shows most of the movement during contraction

involves the result of movement of a portion of the skeleton

refers to the identity of the nerve that controls a specific muscle

to cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks

the nucleus pulpous herniates through the annulus portion and typically compresses adjacent nerves

rounded central portion of the vertebrae, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

opening enclosed by the body and the vertebral arch, a conduit for the spinal cord

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enable the articulation with adjacent vertebrae

the left and right pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surfaces that create openings for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebrae

7

12

5

5 fused vertebrae

3-5 fused vertebrae

transverse foramen

c1

c2

the greek god atlas who holds the heavens on his shoulders

largest bone in the human body

cartilage between the femur and tibia

7

5

2

attached directly by costal cartilage

attached indirectly

not attached at all

the large, fleshy shoulder muscle (DELTOID)

the ulna

the radius of the forearm

the ligaments of the wrist

14

5

8