Lab 4: The Integumenary System Flashcards

The skin is considered as an _______ because of its extent and complexity

The two basic tissues of which skin is composed of are ____________ and ____________

Dense Irregular Conn. makes up the ________

Stratified Squamos Epithelium makes up the ________

The tough water- repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called __________

The pigments melanin and ___________ contribute to skin color.

A localized concentration of melanin is called the ________.

4 protective functions of the skin:
- Prevents ______
- Prevents _________ invasion
- Protects against _________ thermal
- Protects against _._ radiation

Friction between Dermis and Epidermis results in ______.

Immediately deep to the dermis is the __________ or _____________ (primarily adipose tissue)

What layer of the skin is avascular?

Cells of Epidermis (4 types)
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The most abundant epidermis cells are _________.

The main function of Keratinocytes is to produce ___________ cell

A protein that is fibrous and gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities

Keratinocytes are tightly connected by _______________

Describe the shape and color of melanocytes

Melanocytes produces the brown- to - black pigment called ____________.

Why does the skin tan?

Melanin provides a protective pigment umbrella over the ____________________ in the deeper epidermis layers.
This protects the _._._.

Epidermal cells that play a role in immunity:

Merkel cells in conjunction with sensory nerve endings, form sensitive touch receptors called ________.

Where are the Merkel Discs located?

Layers of the Epidermis
- Stratum _________
- Stratum _________
- Stratum _________
- Stratum _________
- Stratum _________

The following are the characteristics of Epidermis layer:
- outer- most layer
- 20-30 cells
- dead and keratinized scalelike cells
- they are constantly rubbing off and replaced by divison of the deeper cells

Epidermis layer:
- found only in the palms and soles
- not present i the regions of thin skin
- very thin translucent band of flattened dead keratinocytes

Epidermis layer:
- a layer named for the abundant granules its cells contain
- 2 types of these granules
- at the upper border of this layer, the cells begin to die.

The two types of granules are:

Define Lamellated Granules?

Define Keratohyaline Granules?

Epidermis layer:
- its cells contain thick weblike bundles of intermediate filaments made of a pre- keratin protein
-apear spiky

Cells in the _________ layer and __________ layer are the only ones that receive adequete nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis

Epidermis layer:
- A single row of cells immediately adjacent to the dermis
- Cells are constantly undergoing mitotic cell div. to produce new cells
- alternative name is stratum germinativum
- 10% to 25% of the cells are melanocytes

The 2 principle regions of Dermis:

The more superficial dermal region

papillary region is composed of _________ connective tissue

Papillary region has finger like projections on its superior surface called ____________________. (which attaches to the epidermis above)

The dermal papillae produce _______________ on the palms and soles

Abundant capillary net work in the papillary layer provide _________ for the epidermis layer and allow ______ to radiate to the skin surface.

The touch and pain receptor _____________ are found here

The deepest skin layer

Reticular layers consists of:

Papillary and Reticular layers are heavily invested with ___________ and _____________ fibers.

Any sort of restriction of the normal blood supply to the skin result in _________ (cell death)

Some of the nerve ending receptors are:

Skin color is a result of:
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______________ a yellow pigment.

Carotene is primarily present in the stratum ____________ and ______________ tissue of hypodermis.

Skin color can be an important _________________.

Accessory organs of the skin:

Hair, nails, and cutaneous glands are all derivatives of ___________________ but they reside in _______.

Hair consists of a ______________, a centralregion surrounded first by the __________ and then by a protective ___________.

Identity the parts of the hair:
- portion of hair enclosed within the follicle
- portion projecting from the scalp surface
- collection of well- nourished germinal epithelial cells at the basal end of the follicle

A structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells

A small part of the dermal tissue protrudes into the hair bulb from the connective tissue sheath and provides nutrition to the growing hair is called the ____________-

Small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis.

contraction of arrector pilli muscle results in

2 categories of cutaneous gland

Sebacceous glands are found all over the body except for ______ and __________

product of sebacceous gland

accumulation of dried sebum, bacteria, and melanin from epitheloal cells in the oil duct

an active infection of the sebacceous gland

sweat glands are categorized by the composition of their _____________-

Merocrine sweat glands are also called the

Eccrine gland produces clear _____________ primarily made of water, salts and urea

Apocrine glands are predominantly found in the ___________ and ___________ areas

Apocrine gland secrete a ____________________ substance that is excellent nutrient medium for microorganism found on the skin

Translucent cells in the thick skin containing keratin fibrils

dead cells

dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

vascular region

major skin area that produces derivatives

apidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division

scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off

mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments

has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers

location of melanocytes and merkel cells

area where weblike pre- keratin filaments first appear

region of areolar connective tissue

What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in Ca+ absorption elsewhere in the body?