Jonathan Edwards
American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated the Great Awakening, a period of renewed interest in religion in America; famous speech "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
Benjamin Franklin
One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. He was also the author of Poor Richard's Almanac.
George Whitefield
Masterful orator, rekindled the religiousness of the colonies during the Great Awakening. He was a leader of the "new lights"
John Peter Zenger
A newspaper printer from New York, was arrested and tried for seditious libel for attacking the royal governor. He was acquitted with the help of his lawyer, Andrew Hamilton. This was a huge step for the freedom of the press.
Phillis Wheatley
A slave girl from Boston, became a distinguished poet and was brought to England, where she published a book of her verses
John Copley
An American painter who fled to England to avoid the American Revolution, as he was regarded as a Loyalist.
Charles Peale
An American painter famous for his portraits of George Washington who dabbled in a variety of other areas, such as taxonomy and dentistry.
Paxton Boys
A group of Scots-Irish from the outskirts of Philadelphia, protested the Quakers' leniency toward the Indians. Their actions sparked the Regulator Movement in North Carolina
Great Awakening
A period of huge religious revival throughout the colonies, sparked by a few strong religious speakers, called the "new lights."
Regulator Movement
A movement in North Carolina where dissenters, mostly Scots-Irish, believed that tax money was being dealt unfairly
Old Lights
Conservative clergymen who were against the emotional approach of the Great Awakening
New Lights
Clergymen who defended the Great Awakening for reinvigorating American religion
seditious libel
The crime of openly criticizing a public official
Triangular Trade
A trade between America, the West Indies, and Africa, which some colonists took advantage of after the fall of the Royal African Company, and yielded great profits to its merchants.
Molasses Act
An act intended to end American trade with the French West Indies passed by Britain, which was largely overridden by smuggling and bribery.
examples of established churches
Churches funded by taxes, such as the Anglican and Congregational churches
almshouses
Houses designated to aid the widows and orphans of Philadelphia and New York
gentry
The most powerful members of a society
provincial
Limited in outlook to ones own small corner of the world
Poor Richard's Almanac
A bestselling book written by Benjamin Franklin that was a compilation of many different sayings
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
One of Jonathan Edwards' most famous sermons, which warned listeners of Hell
Baptists Church
A church founded by Roger Williams, which was largely based on Calvinism
Anglicans
A group of Protestants (within the Church of England) that wanted to establish a church who would be led by the English monarchy while maintaining their Catholic traditions without the Pope.
royal colonies
Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws.
proprietary colonies
Colonies under authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king.
Harvard
The oldest college in America, which reflected Puritan commitment to an educated ministry
William and Mary
Public university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States; founded in 1693- Anglican
Yale University
The third institution of higher learning in the United States was founded in 1701 - founded by Congregationalists