American Pageant, Volume 1: American Pageant Chapter 35 Flashcards

US-British agreement that stated if the U.S. entered the war, then it would focus its efforts first on Germany. After Germany was defeated, the Allies would focus on Japan

1944 case declared that Japanese internment camps were constitutional

Converted factories from civilian to military production. Manufacturing output greatly increased.

Leading American industrialist and shipbuilder during WWII

The government imposed a national speed limit and gasoline rationing after America's supply of natural ——— from British Malaysia and the Dutch East Indies was broken.

A scarcity of consumer goods led to this in 1942

brought ascending prices under control with extensive regulations

imposed ceilings on wage increases

Caused by massive strikes by workers who were angered by the ceilings on wage increases caused by inflation, this act allowed the government to operate industries that were under strike, like coal mines and railroads

Mexican workers hired to perform farm labor during World War II

symbol of American women who went to work in factories during the war

Generational cohort of people born after World War II, when the women left their temporary factory jobs and the men came back from overseas

War industries sucked people into boomtowns, such as which 3 places?

Black leader who threatened a massive march on Washington and demanded equal opportunities in war jobs and the armed forces

Commission established in 1941 by FDR to halt racial discrimination in war production and government jobs

Invention that caused the cotton South's need for cheap labor disappear as well as the migration of many southern blacks to the northern factories

Native American Comanche and Navajo Marines that served as radio operators in the Pacific, Germans and Japanese could not understand their language

Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor as well as these 3 places

commander of the US forces in Corregidor in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan, which ultimately ended in US surrender

Brutal 80-mile march of American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese soldiers to prisoner-of-war camps in 1942

Two naval battles that successfully halted the Japanese island-hoping technique of WWII

6 months of fighting between allies and Japanese; allies took this island

The American strategy to win the war in the Pacific by regaining the islands that the Japanese had held

What battle was fought between the German's modern fleet of submarine U-Boats and Allied shipping, which was protected by Allied navies? The introduction of air patrols and radar eventually helped the Allies win

Turning point in the North African Campaign

Decisive battle in German invasion of Russia, the Germans were surrounded and systemically destroyed, turning point for Soviet Union

American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe.

Where did the Axis powers officially surrender France in May 1943?

1943 conference between FDR and Churchill that produces Unconditional Surrender doctrine vowing to invade Sicily and increase pressure on Italy

Axis troops surrendered in Italy on this day

The Big Three who met in Iran to plan an attack on Germany

D-Day; the Allied invasion of Normandy France, what was the date?

What city was liberated in August 1944?

What German city fell to allies in October 1944?

Republican candidate in the election of 1944, and Vice President John W Bricker

The German offensive in the Ardennes, the Battle of the Bulge, began on what day? Soviets captures Berlin in 1945.

Who took over presidency when FDR died suddenly in 1945?

Germany surrenders to the Allies (V-E Day)

The last two heavily defended Japanese islands conquered by the United States in 1945

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II

The third meeting of the Big Three; this time including Truman, they issued an ultimatum to Japan, surrender or be destroyed

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb initially to be used on Germany

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.

Emperor of Japan during WWII, Japan surrendered on the condition that he kept his title

V-J Day; when Japan officially surrenders

Used during WWII to show the enemy as savages and subhuman, specifically the Japanese.

Japanese and Japanese Americans were placed in camps beginning in 1942; upheld by Korematsu v. US

The "Women's Army Axillary Corps", an acronym given to reference women in the army. Women being in the army changed their roles in society and gained them new respect.

Women's units of the army and navy during World War II

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, and US Coast Guard Women's Reserve; the women's branches of the US Army, Navy and Coast Guard, established during WWII to employ women in noncombatant jobs. Women now participated in the armed services in ways that went beyond their traditional roles as nurses

office ofA limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use

WWII agency contributes $100Ms to scientific projects like Manhattan, radar, sonar, etc

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

A United State admiral duiring WW2, commanded US naval forces during two of the most significant naval battles in the Pacific theater, the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Philippine Sea, after the war he was appointed President of the Naval War College, and later served as American ambassador to the Philippines.

Important islands that allowed the United States to fire directly on Japan's home islands.

a high range bomber plane introduced by the U.S. in 1944 against Japan; higher range bomber than had ever been flown before, which allowed it to fly above the range of enemy fighters and anti-craft weapons

German submarines that traveled in groups in the North Atlantic Ocean to attack US ships and merchant ships.

German code machine broken by the Allies and used to predict what the Germans would do

"Desert Fox"-May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; were defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler.

British General who cut off Rommel from advancing into Africa

giving up completely without any concessions

Stalin urged Roosevelt and Churchill to open up a new front in Western Europe. Talked of a possible United Nations.

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

General in the United States Army who helped lead the Allies to victory in the Battle of the Bulge.

On December 16, 1944, Hitler ordered the last of his reserves, 250,000 troops to attack the American position in the Forest of Ardennes. The Germans drove a bulge deep into the Allied line; however, the Allies stopped the Germans last ditch counterattack and advanced to the Rhine.

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

Bombs dropped on Germany and Japan with intentions to spread fires and take down cities

In October 1944 18,000 Allied troops and 738 ships converged this Island in the Philippines. When General MacArthur returned to the Philippines he announced, "People of the Philippines: I have returned."

"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945