A characteristic of some bacteria
is intracellular parasite.
is composed of RNA or DNA.
contains cell wall endotoxin.
cannot replicate extracellularly.
contains cell wall endotoxin.
A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is
referred to as
comminuted.
open.
greenstick.
stress.
comminuted.
A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n)
rhabdosarcoma.
liposarcoma.
osteosarcoma.
chondrosarcoma.
osteosarcoma.
An infectious disease that is common in a community is termed
endemic.
epidemic.
pandemic.
partdemic.
endemic.
Anticholinesterase inhibitors may be used to manage
muscular
dystrophy.
myasthenia gravis.
fibromyalgia.
rheumatoid arthritis.
myasthenia gravis.
A risk factor for osteoporosis is
endometriosis.
early
menopause.
late menopause.
ovarian cysts.
early menopause.
Bone healing may be impaired by
excessive vitamin C.
nicotine use.
a high-protein diet.
immobilization.
nicotine use.
Characteristics of immunization include which of the following?
(Select all that apply.)
Giving injections of preformed
antibodies provides immediate immunity.
Immunization provides
life-long immunity.
Immunization with killed vaccines may lead
to infection from the agent.
Herd immunity controls disease
without immunizing everyone in the population.
Lack of
immunization may lead to an epidemic.
Giving injections of preformed antibodies provides immediate
immunity.
Herd immunity controls disease without immunizing
everyone in the population.
Lack of immunization may lead to an epidemic.
Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to
bone infarction.
soft-tissue damage.
muscle necrosis.
breakdown of RBCs.
soft-tissue damage.
Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when
no movement of
the break is detectable.
the callus has been completely replaced
with mature bone.
the fracture site and surrounding soft tissue
are pain free.
a cast is no longer required to stabilize the break.
the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone.
Dietary zinc is an important defense against infection, because it
maintains (Select all that apply.)
natural killer cell
function.
lymphocyte activity.
antioxidant
activity.
neutrophil activity.
complement activity.
natural killer cell function.
lymphocyte
activity.
neutrophil activity.
complement activity.
Drug resistance of microbes occurs secondary to
patient allergy
to a drug.
mutation of the microbe.
enhance pathogenicity
of the microbe.
using high doses of drugs.
mutation of the microbe.
Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is
development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum.
leukocyte
infiltration into bone tissue.
blood vessel growth at the
fracture site.
migration of osteoblasts to the fracture site.
development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum.
Free radicals are unstable molecules that cause cellular injury
by:
antioxidant activity.
hypoxia.
cell membrane
damage.
phagocytosis.
cell membrane damage.
Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called
malunion.
nonunion.
disunion.
delayed union.
malunion.
Immune function is likely to be most effective in a
newborn.
7-month-old infant.
30-year-old.
70-year-old.
30-year-old.
In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because
of
dietary inadequacies.
estrogen deficiency.
malabsorption syndrome.
inactivity.
estrogen deficiency.
Most muscle strains are caused by
a tear in an adjoining
tendon.
abnormal muscle contraction.
muscle asymmetry.
bleeding into the muscle.
abnormal muscle contraction.
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease in which
neuronal
demyelination disrupts nerve transmission.
muscles become
increasingly bulky but weakened.
acetylcholine receptors are
destroyed or dysfunctional.
acetylcholine release from motor
neurons is disrupted.
acetylcholine receptors are destroyed or dysfunctional.
Paget’s disease is characterized by
overactivity of osteoblasts
leading to multiple bone tumors.
excessive bone resorption
followed by excessive formation of fragile bone.
inflammatory
disorder resulting in fusion of spine joints.
failure of
resorption by osteoclasts resulting in hard bones.
excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone.
Pain in fibromyalgia involves
muscle inflammation.
autoimmune destruction of muscle tissue.
nerve
inflammation.
changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord.
changes in pain transmission in the spinal cord.
Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of
noncontractile tissue injury.
contractile tissue injury.
vascular insufficiency.
skeletal muscle damage.
noncontractile tissue injury.
Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a
deficiency of
calcium.
estrogen.
phosphate.
vitamin D.
vitamin D.
Risk of infection is increased in (Select all that apply.)
use
of corticosteroids.
diabetes mellitus.
spleen removal.
stomach removal.
stress.
use of corticosteroids.
diabetes mellitus.
spleen removal.
stress.
The disorders characterized by softening and then enlargement of
bones is referred to as
osteomyelitis.
osteoporosis.
Paget disease.
rickets.
Paget disease.
The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces
partially lose contact with each other is called
subluxation.
subjugation
sublimation.
dislocation.
subluxation.
The most common method of disease transmission is
airborne.
droplet.
vector.
inoculant.
droplet.
The most common site affected in Paget’s disease is the
lower
spine.
skull.
pelvis.
joints.
lower spine.
The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is
pathologic
fracture.
fever.
bone pain.
osteomyelitis.
bone pain.
The most common type of osteomyelitis is
hematogenous.
contiguous focus.
Brodie abscess.
direct invasion.
hematogenous.
The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves
increased
osteoclast activity.
collagen breakdown in the bone matrix.
crowding of cells in the osteoid.
inadequate
mineralization in the osteoid.
inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.
The precursor cell to the macrophage is the:
neutrophil.
eosinophil.
fibroblast.
monocyte.
monocyte.
The process of covering bacteria with antibodies to promote
phagocytosis of the microorganisms is called:
neutralization.
precipitation.
margination.
opsonization.
opsonization.
The process of programmed cellular self-destruction is called:
necrosis.
gangrene.
somatic death.
apoptosis.
apoptosis.
The term used to describe fungal infections is
sepsis.
mycoses.
amebiasis.
Chlamydia.
mycoses.
What are polymorphonucleocytes?
Neutrophils
Mast cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
When mast cells degranulate, they release:
perforins and other
toxins.
histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
complement.
antibodies.
histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
Where are neutrophils produced and stored in the body?
Bone marrow
Kidney
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant
bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency?
Osteomalacia
Osteopenia
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Which of the following cells produce antibodies?
T cells
Mast cells
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Which of the following cells are strong phagocytes?
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Natural
killer cells
Macrophages
Which of the following terms indicates cell death that occurs by
severe cell swelling and the breakdown of organelles?
Gangrene
Metastasis
Necrosis
Adaptation
Necrosis