Chapter 11 anatomy Flashcards

All of the following responses describe the action of the platysma EXCEPT

• A pouting
• B raises upper lip
• C depressing the mandible
• D pulls lower lip inferiorly

Which of the following describes the action of the occipitofrontalis?

• A raises eyebrows
• B closes lips
• C grimacing
• D elevates corners of mouth

The muscles of mastication include all EXCEPT

• A buccinator
• B masseter
• C pterygoid
• D temporalis

Suprahyoid muscles do all of the following EXCEPT

• A elevate the floor of the oral cavity
• B produce high pitch vocal sounds
• C depress the mandible
• D elevate the hyoid bone

Which of the following muscles DO NOT originate on the cricoid cartilage?

• A cricothyroid
• B transverse arytenoid
• C lateral cricoarytenoid
• D posterior cricoarytenoid

Relaxation of the external intercostals causes the lungs to

• A. relax, forcing inhalation of air
• B expand, forcing exhalation of air
• C expand, forcing inhalation of air
• D relax, forcing exhalation of air

the pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, and ischiococcygeus share which common attribute?

• A part of the levator ani muscle
• B insert on the lower sacrum
• C innervated by S3
• D originate on the ischial spine
• E push coccyx posteriorly after defecation and urination

Assisting erection of the penis and clitoris is the muscular action of the

• A sphincter urethrovaginalis
• B compressor urethrae
• C bulbospongiosus
• D ischiocavernosus

All of the following are able to adduct the arm at the shoulder joint EXCEPT

• A subscapularis
• B coracobrachialis
• C pectoralis major
• D latissimus dorsi

Which muscle flexes the arm at the shoulder join and flexes the forearm at the elbow joint?

• A biceps brachii
• B brachialis
• C deltoid
• D triceps brachii

Which muscle's action is adduction?

• A. A
• B. F
• C. B
• D. C
• E. E
• F. D

Muscles in the hand that precisely control movements of the digits are all

• A intrinsic muscles of the hand
• B extrinsic muscles of the hand
• C innervated by the ulnar nerve
• D two of the choice are correct

Abduction of the thigh will tighten this long muscle on the outside of the leg called the ___________ _____

The knee keeps collapsing into flexion position when weight is placed on it. The nerve to which muscle is damaged?

Damage to the ischial tuberosity would compromise which action?

• A knee rotation
• B knee flexion
• C hip adduction
• D hip abduction
• E knee extension
• F hip flexion

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic eye muscle?

• A medial rectus
• B lateral rectus
• C superior rectus
• D frontalis

In addition to elevating the larynx, this muscle helps to close the nasopharynx during deglutition.

• A palatopharyngeus
• B stylopharyngeus
• C superior constrictor
• D middle constrictor

The posterior abdominal wall is formed by this muscle.

All of the following muscles act to stabilize the scapula EXCEPT

• A rhomboid major
• B rhomboid minor
• C trapezius
• D coracobrachialis

This muscle both flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint.

The fibula was broken, and after it healed the individual showed no footdrop (cannot dorsiflex), but cannot evert or feel the top of his foot. Which muscle was probably damaged?

The ____________ muscles of the foot originate within the foot

Identify the muscle labelled D.

• A gluteus maximus
• B deltoid
• C latissimus dorsi
• D sternocleidomastoid

This muscle that flexes the neck is named for its origin and insertion.

Within opposing muscle pairs, the prime moves contracts to cause an action and the ______________- muscle stretches and yields to the action of the prime muscle.

Identify foot muscles that are deep to the lumbricals. Select all that apply.

• A flexor digiti minimi brevis
• B abductor hallucis
• C adductor hallucis
• D flexor hallucis brevis
• E flexor digitorum brevis

Muscle of the ______________ compartment of the forearm originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus

The name hyoglossus tells you that the muscle

• A originates on the hyoid bone and inserts into the tongue
• B originates in the tongue and inserts into the hyoid bone
• C originates in the tongue and elevates the hyoid bone
• D originates on the hyoid bone and elevates the tongue

Muscle of the perineum are arranged in two layers: superficial and ___________--

____________ of the scapula moves it inferiorly as in pulling down on a rope attached to a pulley.

Which of the following muscles insert onto the surface of the eyeball? Select all that apply.

• A internal oblique
• B levator palpabrae superioris
• C superior oblique
• D superior rectus
• E inferior rectus
• F rectus femoris

The ________________ compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

___________ is the act of swallowing.

Defecation, urination, forced exhalation, and childbirth are all actions of this superficial abdominal muscle.

Contraction of the diaphragm muscle causes the lungs to _________________

Muscle "C" is the _____________

Identify the muscle labeled F

Triceps ___________ is a strong forearm extensor

Muscles that rotate, extend and flex the neck are innervated by which nerves?

Extension of the thumb moves it ____________ away from the palm

This muscle's sole action is to extend the head and the vertebral column.

Abduction of the thigh will tighten this long muscle on the outside of the leg called the ___________ fasciae latae

Based on the muscle's name, which statement explains the muscle's features?

• A Flexor carpi ulnaris—flexes the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• B Flexor carpi ulnaris—flexes the wrist and arises near the radius.
• C Flexor carpi ulnaris—extends the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• D Flexor carpi ulnaris—extends the wrist and arises near the radius.
• E Flexor carpi ulnaris—abducts the wrist and arises near the ulna.

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to a stationary bone is the ____________ whereas the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the insertion.

Named after a flat fish, the _____________ and the gastrocnemius make up the superficial posterior leg muscles.

A strap-like muscle on the anterior aspect the thigh is the __________________ ; it acts to laterally rotate the thigh at the hip joint and flex the knee.

The ________________ thoracic muscles are the trapezius, levator scapulae,rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Which extrinsic eye muscle abducts the eye?

The _____________ nerve(s) innervates the plantar muscles of the foot.

This type of lever sacrifices speed and range of motion but is ideally suited for lifting the weight of the body when standing on the toes.

The __________________ is a region of the trunk that's inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.

The _____________ carpi ulnaris extends and adducts the hand

Adductor muscles are located on the __________ aspect of the thigh.

Which muscle can plantar flex and flex the knee independently? (pick letter)

Contraction of the ______________ intercostals elevates the ribs and increases the dimensions of the thoracic cavity causing inhalation.

The inferior ____________ can elevate, abduct and laterally rotate the eyeball.

This muscle retracts the scapula.

identify the muscle labeled E

Identify the muscles that insert onto the arytenoid cartilage. Select all that apply.

• A thyroarytenoid
• B oblique arytenoid
• C posterior cricoarytenoid
• D cricothyroid

the muscles that move the mandible and are all innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal (V) nerve include the medial pterygoid, the lateral pterygoid, the temporalis, and the ________________-

The hypothenar muscles are innervated by which nerve?

The _____________ brachii inserts at the olecranon of the ulna and has three heads of origin.

A lateral surgical incision in the abdominal cavity will cut through all of the abdominal muscles except the _______________________

The _____________ nerve(s) innervates all plantar muscles.

_______________ oris is a sphincter muscle that closes and protrudes the lips as if kissing.

The circular muscles of the pharynx occur in three distinct constrictor muscle bands.

- true

-false

If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load it is a _______________ class lever.

The biceps femoris is antagonistic to the rectus ______________

This large flat triangular sheets of muscle extends from the skull and vertebral column medially to the pectoral girdle laterally.

_____________ palpebrae superioris acts at the eyelid to open it.

The ______________ digitorum longus dorsiflexes the ankle and points the toes toward the nose.

Muscles found on the anterior side of the thigh are also known as the _______________

The ____________ tendon, the strongest tendon in the body, is shared by the superficial muscles of the posterior leg compartment.

Acting bilaterally this muscle flexes the cervical portion of the vertebral column and flexes the head.

Fascicles that are attached obliquely from many directions to several tendons are ______________

When lifting a weight over the head, this muscle elevates the scapula.

The omohyoid inserts in the hyoid and originates on the superior border of the ______________

The oculomotor nerve (CN III) innervates all except

• A superior oblique
• B inferior oblique
• C medial rectus
• D superior rectus

The muscle that's the most important muscle for breathing is the diaphragm.

• A True
• B False

identify the muscle labeled G

Extrinsic muscles of the hand are called extrinsic because the originate ____________________ the hand and insert within it

Which muscles insert onto the occipital bone? Select all that apply.

• A longissimus capitis
• B spinalis capitis
• C semispinalis capitis
• D splenius capitis

The deltoid muscle is ________________ to the supraspinatus muscle.

All muscles of the hand are involved in controlling _____________ movements

Based on the muscle's name, which statement explains the muscle's features?

• A extensor carpi radialis—extends the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• B extensor carpi radialis—flexes the wrist and arises near the ulna.
• C extensor carpi radialis—flexes the wrist and arises near the radius.
• D extensor carpi radialis—extends the wrist and arises near the radius.

The _____________ elevates the mandible as in closing the mouth exclusively (it has no additional actions).

The ____________ femoris all insert into the tibial tuberosity.

The ______________ minor originates on the cheekbone and inserts into the upper lip.

Muscle "A" is the _____________

The ________________________ (2 words) muscle has two origins, flexes the arm at the shoulder joint, and spans the shoulder and elbow joints.

A toned anterolateral abdomen is obtained by exercising all of the following muscles except

A. transversus abdominis

B. quadratus lumborum

C. obliques

D. rectus abdominis

The _______________ originates on the iliac crest and forms the iliotibial tract as it inserts into the tibia.

The attachment of the muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is referred to as the ______________

Abducting and rotating the scapula upward allows the upward motion of the arms when doing "jumping jacks". What muscle is involved?

Muscles arranged in fascicles that act as valves to open and close openings in the body are ______________

Four muscles make up the quadriceps femoris; collectively they _____________ the leg at the knee joint.

All of the following muscles belong to the group of muscles that elevate the hyoid bone during deglutition except

A. omohyoid

B. mylohyoid

C. stylohyoid

D. digastric

A torn calcaneal tendon would inhibit which action?

The ____________ is located at the back of the knee can medially rotate the tibia and unlock it from a flexed position.

The end of the muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the ___________

The most lateral of the hamstring is the ______________________

Which of the levers is the most common in the body and favors speed?

The ______________ ______________ muscle performs both hip flexion and knee extension.

Muscle "D" is the _____________

Pulling on oars to row a boat ______________ the scapulae

Known as the "boxer's muscle", this saw-toothed muscle inserts at the vertebral border and inferior angle of the _________________

The fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendons is called the __________

Muscles collectively known as "hamstrings" include

A. all of the choices are correct.

B. semimembranosus.

C. biceps femoris.

D. semitendinosus

Identify the muscle labelled A.

The medial superficial muscle that protects abdominal viscera is the rectus _______________

The stance of the catcher in a baseball game is such that the soles of the feet are turned away from each other otherwise known as __________________

The large, flat, thin, fan-shaped muscle between the ribs and scapula is the _____________________

The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus both _____________ the thigh at the hip joint.

Opposition takes place primarily at which joint?

A. carpometacarpal

B. interphalangeal

C. metacarpophalangeal

All of the following muscles flex the forearm at the elbow except

A. brachioradialis

B. deltoid

C. biceps brachii

D. brachialis

Muscles of facial expressions generally originate in the fascia and bone of the skull but insert into the ___________

Which area does the lateral pterygoid insert?

In second-class lever, the load is between the _____________ and the effort.

Skeletal muscles produce movements by pulling on ___________

When the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a ________________ class lever.

Which fascicle arrangement contains fibers that are arranged on both sides of a tendon?

Which type of fascicle arrangement in a muscle would allow for power but not range of motion?

Which muscle is labeled "D"?

Which statements describe a function of the pelvic floor? Select all that apply.

A. It supports contents of pelvic viscera.

B. Muscles increase abdominal pressure during exhalation.

C. Muscles tense during defecation to promote expulsion.

D. Muscles can voluntarily contract to retain feces.

The ___________ thoracic muscles are the subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior.

The action of this muscle is to abduct and rotate the scapula, as in horizontal movements of punching and pushing.

The large flat triangular sheet of muscle extending from the skull and vertebral column medially to the pectoral girdle laterally can rotate, adduct and stabilize the ________________

A muscle that does not have an attachment on the scapula is the

A. latissimus dorsi

B. pectoralis minor

C. deltoid

D. coracobrachialis

Muscle "D" is the _____________

The muscles of the anterior leg compartment

A. plantar flex the foot.

B. dorsiflex the foot.

C. evert the foot.

D. invert the foot.

The __________________ inserts into the middle and distal phalanges with actions that extend the toes.

The muscle that exclusively plantar flexes the foot is the _______________

A basketball player feels a snap in his calf. He continues to play but notices swelling and tenderness. After seeing the doctor, he is told he tore a small tendon that attaches to the heel bone. What was ruptured?

If the Achilles tendon is severed, the person would not be able to move the ______________ bone.

The soleus antagonist is the ______________

A dissection of the posterior compartment muscles of the leg would find these muscles, in order, from the most superficial to deep.

The inability to dorsiflex the foot may indicate nerve damage to the __________ _________ nerve.

The posterior scalene muscles elevate the ___________ rib during deep inhalation.

The compressor urethrae, sphincter urethrovaginalis, and external urethral sphincter are __________________

The twisting motion at the radioulnar joint when tightening a screw with a screwdriver is the action of this muscle.

The ____________ nerve innervates all of the posterior muscles of the leg and causes plantar flexion.

Making a lateral incision into the abdominal wall the first muscle that would be cut is the external ___________

The gluteal muscles all originate on the ilium.

• true
• false

This muscle functions in whistling, blowing, sucking and also assists in chewing.

identify the muscle A

Which muscle is labelled "D"?

The antagonist of the tibialis anterior is the ____________ __________

Named after a flat fish, the ____________ and the gastrocnemius make up the superficial posterior leg muscles.

Identify the muscle labeled C.

The "six pack" often refers to the fibrous bands separating the _______________ _____________ muscle in the abdomen.

Which muscle is labeled "E"?

The omohyoid is lateral to (select all that apply)

A. cricothyroid

B. sternothyroid

C. thyrohyoid membrane

D. sternohyoid

What muscle is labeled "C"?

The external urethral sphincter muscle is a _______________ perineal muscle.

Forearm extensor muscles that insert into the ulna but not into the radius include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A. triceps brachii

B. anconeus

C. pronator teres

D. supinator

E. brachialis

The _____________ nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.

The _____________ compartment of the leg contains muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

This nerve innervates the diaphragm and causes contraction.

Which muscle is labelled "A"?

The _______________ flexes and adducts the hand.

What is the combined action of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles?

Which muscle is labelled "D"?

The muscles of the anterior neck belonging to the infrahyoid muscles all act to ______________ the hyoid bone.

Identify the muscle labeled C

All of the following muscles contract to signify "no" except

A. semispinalis capitis

B. sternocleidomastoid

C. splenius capitis

D. spinalis capitis

The stance of the catcher in a baseball game is such that the soles of the feet are turned away from each other otherwise known as ___________________

Protection of the abdominal viscera is due to all of the following muscles except

A. external and internal obliques

B. transversus abdominis

C. serratus anterior

D. rectus abdominis

This muscle aids in moving food from the buccal cavity to the throat by pressing the tongue to the roof of the mouth and pushing the food posterior.

A. digastric

B. mylohyoid

C. masseter

D. stylohyoid

The __________ oblique muscle originates from the ribs 5-12 and inserts on the linea alba.

Muscle "B" is the _____________

The axial muscles that move the humerus are the _____________ & ________________

What muscle opens the upper eyelid?

Which of the following muscles are NOT intrinsic muscles of the larynx that assist in speech?

_______________ elevates the floor of the mouth

Muscle "B" is the ____________________

Muscles that form the abdominal wall include all except

A. serratus anterior

B. transversus abdominis

C. rectus abdominis

D. external and internal oblique

During forced expiration, these muscles decrease the size of the thoracic cavity.

A torn calcaneal tendon would inhibit which action?

The _____________ muscles of the larynx are associated with the anterior aspects of the neck and move the larynx.

When muscles have flat tendons and fascicles that are aligned along to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, the fascicle arrangement is _______________

The _______________ tendon, the strongest tendon in the body, is shared by the superficial muscles of the posterior leg compartment.

The longissimus _____________ extend the head.

Muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are collectively known as _______________

The common tendon for the quadriceps inserts into the patella and then continues to insert into the tibial _____________________

_______________ of the thumb is the most distinctive digital movement of primates.

Which of the follow muscles of mastication protract the mandible? Select all that apply.

A. medial pterygoid

B. lateral pterygoid

C. temporalis

D. masseter

The superior oblique eye muscle is innervated by the _____________ nerve.

Muscle "D" is the _______________

Which muscle has its origin on the distal anterior surface of the humerus and the insertion on the ulnar tuberosity?

Which muscle is labelled "C"?

a muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n)

When bones act as levers, the ____________ is the fulcrum.

Fascicles arranged on only one side of a tendon are __________________

In flexing the forearm at the elbow joint, the weight of hand and the forearm become the _________.

Identify the muscle labelled F.

muscles that originate and insert within the foot

The muscles of the hand are specialized for precise and intricate movements, but those of the foot are limited to ________ and __________.

The intrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into two groups: _______ or __________ muscles of the foot and ___________ muscles of the foot

what are the 2 dorsal muscles of the foot?

The plantar muscles are arranged in _____ layers

The 4 plantar layers of the foot span from the most ____________ layer to the __________ layer

What is the most superficial layer of the foot?

the plantar fascia is made up of __________________

The muscles of the leg, like those of the thigh, are divided by deep fascia into three compartments: (list them)

the compartment of the leg that consists of muscles that dorsiflex the foot.

In a situation analogous to the wrist, the tendons of the muscles of the anterior compartment are held firmly to the ankle by thickenings of deep fascia called the _____________________ and inferior extensor retinaculum (cruciate ligament of the ankle).

a long, thick muscle against the lateral surface of the tibia, where it is easy to palpate (feel)

a featherlike muscle that is lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle, and it can also be palpated easily.

a thin muscle between and partly deep to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

The posterior compartment of the leg consists of muscles in ____________ and _______ groups.

The tendon of the soleus, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles at the back of the heel.

The superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg share a common tendon of ________, the ___________ tendon, the strongest tendon of the body.

The superficial and most of the deep muscles plantar flex the foot at the ____________.

How many muscles are there in the posterior compartment of the leg?

list the 3 superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of our legs are also referred to as our "_______" muscles

list the 4 deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg

the most superficial muscle and forms the prominence of the calf

1. lies deep to the gastrocnemius and is broad and flat
2. derives its name from its resemblance to a flat fish

1. a small muscle that may be absent
2. on the contrary, sometimes there are two of them in each leg
3. this muscle runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and is often referred to as the freshman's nerve because first-year medical students sometimes confuse its long slender tendon with the tibial nerve during dissection

a triangular muscle that forms the floor of the popliteal fossa.

1. the deepest muscle in the posterior compartment
2. lies between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles

The flexor digitorum longus is __________ than the flexor hallucis longus, even though the former flexes four toes, and the latter flexes only the great toe at the interphalangeal joint.

what innervates these muscles?

what is the common action produced by the 3 muscles identified in the images?

what is the function of the indicated muscle in all of the images?

what is the function of/action produced by this muscle?

what is the function of/action produced by this muscle?

what is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

what is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?

what is the origin of the extensor digitorm longus?

what is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

what is the insertion of the extensor digitorm longus?

what is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

what is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) longus?

what is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

where do the 3 hamstring muscles originate?

where does the fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle insert?

where does the fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle insert?

what is the function of/action produced by the fibularis (peroneus) longus & brevis muscles?

what innervates the fibularis (peroneus) longus & brevis muscles?

what are the 2 key differences b/t the popliteus & the plantaris?

• Smallest and very proximal
• Very close to the knee joint
• Mimics the plantaris a little

what is the function of/action produced by the popliteus muscle?

• Normally associated with the lateral gastrocnemius head
• Mimics the placement and location of the lateral gastrocnemius head
• Starts at the lateral femur and crosses over to the medial side
  • Has a very long tendon
• Biarticular muscle, but very weak
  • Weak plantar flexor
  • Weak knee flexor

what is the function of/action produced by the plantaris muscle?

What structures firmly hold the tendons of the anterior compartment muscles to the ankle?

what is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

into where do the gastrocnemius & soleus insert?

what is the function of/action produced by the gastrocnemius muscle?

What innervates the gastronemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, and flexor hallicus Longus?

what is the origin of the soleus?

what is the function of/action produced by the soleus muscle?

what is the origin of the tibialis posterior?

into where does the tibialis posterior insert?

what is the function of/action produced by the tibialis posterior muscle?

what is the origin of the flexor digitorm longus?

into where does the flexor digitorm longus insert?

what is the function of/action produced by the flexor digitorm longus muscle?

what is the function of/action produced by the flexor hallucis longus muscle?

what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

into where does the flexor hallicus longus insert?

1) Fascicles _______ to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons.

2) muscles have fascicles that are arranged in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle. The majority of skeletal muscles in the body have this type of organization.

3) ex: sternohyoid muscle

1) Fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than at belly.

2) ex: digastric muscle

3) parallel muscles that have a larger central region called a muscle belly tapering to tendons on each end.

d

1) Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening).

2) orbicularis oculi muscles

3) muscles that are also called sphincters --> When they relax, the sphincters’ concentrically arranged bundles of muscle fibers increase the size of the opening, and when they contract, the size of the opening shrinks to the point of closure

1) Fascicles spread over broad area converge at thick central tendon; gives muscle a __________ appearance.

2) ex: pectoralis major muscle

Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle

(type of muscle)

1) Fascicles are arranged on only one side of tendon.

2) Example: Extensor digitorum longus muscle

1) Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons.

2) Example: Rectus femoris muscle

1) Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons.

2) ex: deltoid muscle

the ___________ the fibers in a muscle, the greater range of motion it can produce

the power of a muscle depends not on length but on its total ________________