• Binding of organs - tendons and ligaments
• Support - bones and cartilage
• Physical protection —cranium, ribs, sternum
• Movement - bones provide lever system.
• Storage - fat, calcium, phosphorus
• Cushion and insulate -
• Heat production - metabolism of brown fat in infants
• Transportation - blood
• Immune protection —white blood cells attack foreign invaders.

Fibrous

• Loose:
  • Areolar
  • Reticular
• Dense:
  • Regular
  • Irregular
• Cartilage
  • Hyaline
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
• Other
  • Adipose (fad, lipid) (LOOSE)
  • Blood
  • Bone

• Abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM = fibers or fluid) with fewer cells.
• Encloses and separates the tissues
• Highly VASCULAR (blood connections)
• Most abundant & widely distributed

• Reticular (Collagenous)
• Elastic
• Collagenous

• Special Characteristics:
  • Cell Body Shape: Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein that form networks of fibers.
• Location:
  • Form a sponge like framework for such organs as the spleen and lymph nodes.

• Function:
  • Allows stretch and recoil
  • Branch and rejoin each other
  • thinner than collagen fibers
• Location:
  • Lungs & Arteries

Most abundant, tough, flexible

• Deep to epithelial basement membrane
• Packing between glands, muscles, and nerves
• Dermis of skin (papillary layer)

• Packing, support, vascular support of epithelial tissues (supply nutrients/oxygen and remove wastes)
• Packing and support
• Supportive structure

• Subcutaneous fat
• Surrounds and supports Mammary glands

• Thermal insulation, Packing material,
• Energy storage, Protection from injury

Lymphatic organs:

• Spleen, lymph nodes, & Tonsils

Provides structural support (framework) for lymphatic organs.

Tendons and ligaments

Withstand force placed on the tissues in one direction (the direction of the fibers)

• Deep layer of the dermis of the skin

Organ capsules (covering)

Withstands stretching in all directions

• Vocal Folds
• Ligaments between vertebrae

Able to stretch and recoil in the direction of the elastic fibers

Elastic arteries (Aorta, Vena Cava)

Stretching and recoil in all directions.

• Growth plates in bones
• Nasal cartilages
• Articular surfaces of bones at joints

• Bone growth
• Structural support with flexibility
• Strong, smooth, flexible articular surfaces of joints

• Pubic symphysis
• Intervertebral disks
• Menisci of knee

• Strong yet slightly flexible connection of pelvis
• Withstands great pressure of moving spine, somewhat flexible
• Shock absorption, somewhat flexible connection

• External ears
• Epiglottis (tissue that opens and closes when you swallow to divert food away from the trachea)

Most flexible yet still rigid of the cartilages because the elastic fibers recoil to original shape after stretching

• In blood vessels
• Heart

• Transport Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products
• Protection from infection (white blood cells)
• Temperature regulation

• Cell Body Shape : Loose network of reticular fibers & cells
  • Looks like cherry blossoms or marble
• Infiltrated by lots of WBC (White Blood Cells)

• Cell Body Shape: Empty-looking (large and open) cells with thin margins.
• Small nucleus pressed against cell membrane.
• Predominant cells are adipocytes.
• Very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm

• Cell Body Shape: Scatter collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers.
• Many cells of various types
  • Most Abundant
• Numerous blood vessels

• Cell Body Shape: Densely packed, parallel, often wavy sheets collagen fibers, elastic tissue/fibers
• Slender nuclei compressed between collagen bundles
• Few blood vessels.

• Cell Body Shape: Densely packed collagen fibers going in random directions. Irregular in shape; randomly arranged.
• Few visible cells
• Few blood cells.

• Cell Body Shape: Often in small clusters of 2-4 cells (chondrocytes)
  • Chondrocytes make cartilage.
  • Looks like eyes or fish eggs.
  • Rounded or polygonal chondrocytes
• Shiny translucent appearance, clear, glassy matrix
  • Usually because of fineness of the collagen fibers
• Collagen fibers not obvious

• Cell Body Shape: Fine elastic fibers form weblike mesh-like bundles and lacunae. Round.
• Always covered by perichondrium
• Fibers are fine and dark (elastic fibers)

• Cell Body Shape: Round to oval shaped; bound together orderly.
• Contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers.
  • Numerous parallel collagen fibers.
• Rows of unclustered chondrocytes in lacunae between collagens.
• Strongest of the 3 cartilages and most durable.

• Cell Body Shape: Osteons are large, cork-like circles with mineralized concentric rings around central canal.
  • Arranged in cylinders (rings of tree)
• Dominated by osteons.
• Tiny dark dots in rings are cells (osteocytes)
• Densely packed
• Blood vessels present.
  • Blood vessels and nerves

• Cell Body Shape: Numerous tiny, circular, bell shaped cells (erythrocytes) with thinner margins.
  • Often very pale because of scarcity of stained cytoplasm.
• Cells suspended in plasma.
• Typically NO nucleus

Substitution of dead/damaged cells by viable/functional cells

Types:

• Labile
• Stable
• Permanent

• CAPABLE OF MITOSIS throughout life (skin, bone marrow cells, and mucous membranes)

• NO MITOSIS after growth ends, but can divide after injury (liver, pancreas, and endocrine cells)

• If killed, REPLACED by a different type of cell. Limited regenerative ability (nervous, skeletal, and cardiac muscle)