Exam 2 prep Flashcards

what is pharmacology?

what are drugs used for?

what is the nurse responsible for when administering a medication?

what meds can chronic lung patients not have?

how are OTC & prescription drugs similar?

what are the drug categories?

when asking a pt about their medications, what do we need to know?

what are the different names of drugs?

the official and nonproprietary name approved by the USAN Council; there is only ONE for each drug; always lowercase

registered name; are always capitalized; may be more than one

why is it important to get information from patients about all of their medications?

who regulates drugs?

assures that drugs have met high standards for therapeutic use, pt safety standards, quality, purity, strength, packaging safety, and dosage form by the U.S. Pharmacopeia National Formulary

the USP designation does not indicate

ensures drugs are labeled correctly

all drug administration laws are initiated, implemented, and enforced by

requires drug companies to study their products in children for safety and efficacy to be marketed for pediatric use

when pediatric studies are required, they must be conducted with

identifies and regulates the manufacture and sale of narcotics and dangerous drugs

which drugs have the highest abuse potential?

which drugs have the lowest abuse potential?

examples of schedule I drugs?

examples of schedule II drugs?

examples of schedule III drugs?

examples of schedule IV drugs?

examples of schedule V drugs?

what can cocaine be used to treat?

where can we, as nurses, find reliable and up-to-date drug information?

the study of how drugs are processed in the body (how medications travel through the body)

the process of pharmacokinetics begins and ends when?

What is the process of pharmacokinetics?

the first step in which a drug enters the body

what are the ways to introduce and administer drugs into the body?

enteral

topical

inhalation

parenteral

certain medications have to be given by certain means because

why must insulin be given SQ as opposed to PO?

what is the primary site for GI absorption of a drug?

what are some factors that could affect the absorption of drugs in the small intestine?

the process of a drug going from the bloodstream to tissues from circulating body fluids (bloodstream) to receptor sites

what affects distribution of drugs?

what does albumin do?

if albumin level is low, what can happen?

is the process of changing medications into less active or inactive forms by the action of enzymes

where are most drugs metabolized?

what can inhibit enzyme action (metabolism) resulting in excess drug accumulation in the body?

if a pt has high liver enzymes, how might we alter the medication dose?

process by which a drug is removed or eliminated by the body

drugs are eliminated either

what is the primary organ involved in excretion?

what labs would you follow to ensure safe medication administration and excretion?

if above labs are elevated, what should you do as a nurse?

what can impair excretion causing drugs to accumulate?

what are some factors affecting pharmacokinetics? "ADME"

what are some issues seen in the elderly?

The registered nurse is providing care for a pt with a brain tumor. Which nursing action helps to prevent cerebral edema?

a pt is started on low molecular wt heparin (LMWH). what complications should the nurse monitor for?

what is an example of an ototoxic medication that can cause damage to the sensitive structures of the ear, with prolonged or overuse?

what medication may cause patients to develop a dry, nonproductive cough

a pt reporting chest tightness arrives at the hospital. on assessment, the nurse noted wheezing, cough, elevated BP, and pulse rate. the primary healthcare provider prescribes corticosteroids, which is the most likely outcome of the prescribed therapy?

what is true regarding herbal remedies' impact during surgery?

what is it called when a pt takes six or more medications?

the pt with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is experiencing pancytopenia. what would be the cause of this?

which test measures the amount of glucose that binds to RBC's in a nonpregnant adult patient?

what is true regarding long acting insulin?

which is true of the action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease?

The nurse is assessing a patient with a history of angina. The patient states that "I usually experience chest pain while climbing the stairs or after walking for 5 minutes." What question should the nurse ask next?

The nurse is admitting a patient in the emergency department with new onset of confusion. The laboratory report shows Na 120 mEq/L; K 5 mEq/L; urine specific gravity 1.038. Which intervention is the highest priority?

While caring for a patient who underwent surgical repair of a fracture, the nurse finds edema in the area where the surgery occurred. Which should the nurse assess next based on these findings?

involves the interactions between medications and target cells-the drugs actions and effects "lock and key"

primary effect of pharmacodynamics is called

what are receptror sites?

drugs that combine with a specific receptor site to cause a pharmacologic response; the drug action will begin once it attaches to receptor sites

drugs that prevent a receptor response or block a normal cellular response

act both as agonists and antagonists with limited affinity to receptor sites; act differently depending on the receptor site that is used

time it takes for drug to reach an effective blood level and to initiate a response (depends on the route of administration)

when drug achieves its highest blood concentration

length of time the drug has a pharmacologic effect

amount of time needed for elimination process to decrease original blood concentration by 50%

how the drug works

the patient's response to drug action

ability of a drug to produce maximal effects

amount of drug required to produce 50% of maximal response possible for that drug

affects the time that a drug stays in the body and can also have an effect upon the drug's efficiency

the most common plasma protein that drugs are bound to is

the part of the medication that is bound to the protein is

what are some things that increase the risk of having interactions:

highest concentration of a drug in the patient's bloodstream

lowest concentration of a drug in the pt's bloodstream

the difference between average toxic and therapeutic doses

rapidly achieving a higher level of a drug into the patients system to quickly achieve a therapeutic effect

maintaining the drug level within a therapeutic range

examples of medications that may require a loading dose

how a drug produces its response

what affects pharmacodynamics?

relationship between a person's genetic make-up and response to medication

effects that occur when the actions of one drug are affected by another drug; example: antacid and abx

when 2 drugs with similar actions are taken together and the additive effect increases the sum of the effects; example: ASA and codeine

when 2 drugs together cause a greater response than each drug given individually; example: lisinopril and furosemide (BP responds much better)

the action of one drug increases the effect of the second drug; example: warfarin and ASA (causes increase in bleeding potential)

drug not a suitable composition to be combined or mixed with another agent or substance, results in an undesirable reaction including chemical alteration or destruction

what puts a client at risk for drug interactions?

anticipated effects, usually mild (opioids-nausea, constipation_

pt becoming sensitized to drug, producing antibodies against drug creating antigen-antibody reaction (rash, hives, itching)

severe allergic rxn (bronchospasm, angioedema, etc.)

unusual or unexpected response; opposite the desired effect (diphenhydramine should induce sleepiness, however, if it causes hyperactivity, restlessness-that would be this rxn)

harmful, undesired effects of the possibility of organ damage

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drugs that cause birth defects

sociological factors affecting medication administration

psychological factors affecting medication administration

physiological factors affecting medication administration

what are the rights of medication administration

what is the most common medication error?

_________________ people are injured annually by medication errors in the U.S. according to the CDC. Medication errors cause at least one death every day.

through absorption from GI tract

parenteral

percutaneous administration routes?

what organs must be carefully considered in pediatric medication administration?

elderly population-specific information R/T pharmacology

females of childbearing age-specific information R/T pharmacology

1 c is ____ mL

1 tbsp is ____ tsp

1 unit is __________ milliU

requires lifelong learning and ability to acquire relevant experiences

what are the levels of critical thinking?

an inner sensing that facts do not currently support something; should spark the nurse to search the data to confirm or disprove the feeling

a nurse trusts the experts and thinks concretely based on the rules

the nurse begins to express autonomy by analyzing and examining data to determine the best alternative

the nurse expects to make choices without help from others and fully assumes the responsibility for those choices

what are the components of critical thinking?

information that's specific to nursing and comes from:

-basic nursing education

-use of evidence-based practice

-continuing education courses

-advanced degrees and certification

decision-making ability derived from opportunities to observe, sense, and interact with clients followed by active reflection

cognitive processes a nurse uses to make nursing judgments

mindsets that affect how a nurse approaches a problem

model for comparing care to determine acceptability, excellence, and appropriateness