John Snow, M.D., traced the source of the London cholera epidemic of
1854 to
a public water pump. When the pump handle was dismantled,
the epidemic was
brought under control. In recognition of his
efforts, he is regarded as the
founder of
A. the germ theory.
B. immunology.
C. sewage treatment
engineering.
D. epidemiology.
D

Based on the graphs above, compared to individuals in high-income
countries,
individuals in low-income countries are more likely to
die from
A. breast cancer.
B. colon cancer.
C.
infectious diseases.
D. ischemic heart disease.
C

Based on the graph, treatment for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease
in 2012
was primarily paid by
A. personal insurance
plans.
B. government sources.
C. the patient.
D. the
patient’s family.
B
Gregor Mendel discovered genetic inheritance patterns using
A.
mice.
B. squash.
C. pumpkins.
D. garden peas.
D
A recent study by the Association of American Medical Colleges
(AAMC)
estimated that the United States will have a shortfall of
more than 50,000
physicians by the year 2025. Based on the
study’s finding, which of the
following statements provides the
most reasonable prediction?
A. Medical assistants will take the
place of doctors in most cases.
B. Health care will proceed as it
has, with higher numbers of patients served by
fewer
doctors.
C. Nurse practitioners will continue to grow in number
and will have much
more authority in the future.
D.
Physician assistants will take the place of doctors in most areas of
diagnosis
and prescription.
C

Based on the graph, which of the following conditions causes the most
deaths
worldwide?
A. Ischemic heart disease
B.
Stroke
C. Lower respiratory infection
D. Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
C
Which of the following is a United States government report used to
measure
the effectiveness of health care in the United
States?
A. World Health Report
B. National Healthcare
Quality and Disparities Report
C. CDC Health Disparities &
Inequalities Report (CHDIR)
D. National Health Insurer Report
Card (NHIRC)
B
Which of the following terms best identifies the confusion,
agitation, and
aggressive behavior that individuals with dementia
frequently experience in the
late afternoon and early
evening?
A. Circadian rhythm
B. Synucleinopathy
C.
Sleep apnea
D. Sundown syndrome
D
9. The correct term for blood in the urine is
A.
hematoma.
B. hemoglobin.
C. hemolysis.
D. hematuria.
D
Which of the following is the best definition for
plagiocephaly?
A. Premature fusion of the coronal suture
B.
Premature closure of the sagittal suture
C. A genetic
bone-softening disease causing a malformation of the skull
and
facial bones
D. A condition caused by positional molding
of the skull when infants are put to
sleep on their backs
D
Which of the following best explains why air from the atmosphere
moves into
the lungs?
A. Contraction of the diaphragm
increases the pressure inside the lungs,
forcing air from the
atmosphere into the lungs.
B. An increase in thoracic volume
creates a more negative pressure in the
lungs than that of the
atmosphere.
C. Wave-like contractions of the trachea pump air
from the atmosphere into
the lungs.
D. Muscles attached to
alveoli cause each alveolus to expand and hold more air
from the atmosphere
B
The cardinal gaze test shows that a patient’s right eye cannot track
in the
temporal direction. Which cranial nerve is most likely
affected?
A. III
B. IV
C. VI
D. VII
C
Which THREE of the following are classified as
micronutrients?
A. Vitamin A
B. Iron
C. Protein
D. Zinc
ABD
Which of the following are the causative agents of bovine
spongiform
encephalopathy in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
in humans?
A. Prions
B. Bacteria
C. Viruses
D. Fungi
A
Which of the following antimicrobial agents interferes with bacterial
cell wall
synthesis?
A. Sulfonamide
B.
Penicillin
C. Tetracycline
D. Erythromycin
B
In 1882, which of the following scientists discovered the causative
organism for
tuberculosis?
A. Robert Koch
B. Joseph
Lister
C. Louis Pasteur
D. J. Hans D. Jensen
A
Which of the following types of bacteria is completely dependent on
oxygen for
respiration?
A. Obligate anaerobe
B.
Obligate aerobe
C. Aerotolerant anaerobe
D. Facultative anaerobe
B
Which of the following are produced as part of the nonspecific
immune
response?
A. Neutrophils
B. Helper T
cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. B lymphocytes
A
Which of the following cellular components primarily acts as a
protein catalyst
in facilitating molecular rearrangements
important for cell function?
A. An enzyme
B. A
lysosome
C. Cytosol
D. A ribosome
A
The time between the exposure to a pathogenic agent and the
appearance of
the first symptoms is the
A. lag
period.
B. decline period.
C. incubation period.
D.
prodromal period.
C
The adverse effects of polypharmacy are much greater for people with
which of
the following?
A. Gastrointestinal problems
B.
Skin conditions
C. Hearing impairments
D. Cardiovascular issues
D
Which of the following lists contains three cognitive disorders
commonly seen in
the elderly?
A. Delirium, depression,
dementia
B. Sensory impairments, pain, medication use
C.
Cerebrovascular accidents, cancers, hypertension
D. Loss of
hearing, loss of visual acuity, loss of coordination
A
Which of the following pharmacological drug-related issues is the
leading cause
of hospitalization and death in the
elderly?
A. Adverse drug reactions
B. Alcohol abuse
C.
Illicit drug use
D. Substitution of generic drugs for brand name drugs
A
Which of the following would most likely be attributed to a diet that
is high in
processed foods, contains large amounts of trans fats,
and is low in fiber?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Scurvy
C.
Diabetes
D. Anemia
C
Information about which of the following is available on the
Nutrition Facts
label?
A. Total fats and cholesterol
B.
Product ingredients and allergens
C. Net weight and company
producing the product
D. Refrigeration status and expiration date
A
Which of the following includes only substances needed to calculate
the amount
of carbohydrates on a food label?
A. Cholesterol
and calories
B. Sodium and vitamins
C. Fat and
protein
D. Fiber and sugars
D
Which of the following is an important clinical aspect of binge
eating disorder?
A. Electrolyte imbalances
B. Use of
laxatives or diuretics
C. Intense fear of gaining weight
D.
Eating large amounts of food at one sitting
C
Which THREE of the following food items would most likely cause
discomfort for
a patient who suffers from severe ulcerative
colitis (inflammatory bowel
disease)?
A. Whole milk
B.
Peppered steak
C. Potatoes
D. Fried fish
A, B, D
Which of the following methods of drug administration has the most
immediate
effect on the central nervous system?
A.
Oral
B. Sublingual
C. Intravenous
D. Topical
C
A health science teacher shares a scenario in which an individual
with a blood
clot (deep vein thrombosis) is taking a
blood-thinning medication. The teacher
explains that the
individual should not be asked to take aspirin primarily due
to
the risk of which of the following?
A. Relative
contraindication
B. Absolute contraindication
C. Relative
standards
D. Absolute standards
A
Which of the following is a symptom of the human body reacting to
stress?
A. Healing of open wounds is slower
B. Hearing a
ringing in the ears
C. Aching pain due to tense muscles
D.
Having increased sexual desire or ability
C
A 22-year-old patient shows a recent change in personality, has a
distorted
perception of reality, and experiences disorganized
thinking and speech but
does not have any other physical
symptoms. The patient most likely displays
symptoms of which of
the following disorders?
A. Schizophrenia
B. Dissociative
identity disorder
C. Major depressive disorder
D. Antisocial
personality disorder
A
A patient in the ER experiences numbness and weakness in her right
arm and
slurred speech. After several hours, she recovers fully
and has normal arm
strength and speech patterns. Based on the
symptoms the patient was
experiencing, which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Stroke
B. Epileptic
seizure
C. Cerebral aneurysm
D. Transient ischemic attack
D
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the largest contributor
to death from
preventable reasons in the United States?
A.
Drinking alcohol in excess
B. Consuming a high-fat diet
C.
Smoking cigarettes
D. Driving recklessly
C
Which of the following levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
primarily deals with
prestige and a feeling of
accomplishment?
A. Self-actualization
B. Esteem
needs
C. Belonging and love needs
D. Safety needs
B
One of a nurse’s functions is to understand the various ways to
assist a patient
with mobility difficulties. Which of the
following pieces of equipment is used to
allow the patient to
pull his or her upper extremities to raise the trunk off the
bed
to assist in transferring the patient from the bed to a
wheelchair?
A. Footboard
B. Trapeze bar
C. Transfer
belt
D. Trochanter roll
B
A 45-year-old patient has a respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute
and a
pulse rate of 123 beats per minute. Which of the following
terms correctly
describes this condition?
A. Bradypnea and
tachycardia
B. Tachypnea and tachycardia
C. Tachypnea and
bradycardia
D. Bradypnea and bradycardia
B
Which of the following is a key component of the Health Insurance
Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
A. A patient can
ask for an in-law’s health records.
B. A physician can give a
patient’s health information to his or her employer.
C. A patient
has the right to ask for and get a copy of his or her health
records.
D. A physician can share private notes about a patient’s
health care.
C
Handling chemicals and hazardous materials involves following
procedures for
both general use and for specific chemical hazard
groups. Which of the
following handling procedures best describes
a generic protocol to follow when
handling chemicals?
A.
Using safety rubber bottle carriers or nonbreakable bottles for the
transport
of strong acids and bases
B. Working with a peer
in the laboratory and correctly labeling all
used
containers
C. Storing the smallest possible amounts of
toxic chemicals in established
areas
D. Ensuring that
flammable liquids are stored only in containers that
exceed
one-quart capacity for purity
B
Which of the following elements of the cycle of infection primarily
includes
direct physical contact or contact with body
fluids?
A. Infectious agent
B. Reservoir
C. Portal of
exit
D. Transmission
D
Which THREE of the following are recommended safety practices in
the
laboratory?
A. Tying back hair
B. Wearing
goggles
C. Wearing open-toed shoes
D. Wearing protective
mittens when handling hot containers
A,B,D
According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), one of the
behaviors of a
team member is to clearly communicate parameters
of delegated responsibility,
including decision-making authority
and required actions or deadlines. This
statement best describes
which of the following behaviors?
A. Innovation
B.
Adaptability
C. Collaboration
D. Accountability
D
Which of the following lists correctly identifies the key
characteristics that
cohesive health care teams should
exhibit?
A. Clear goals with measurable outcomes, effective
communication, and
informed knowledge of pharmacology
B.
Training of all team members, effective communication, and a clear
concept
of chronic care
C. Effective communication,
understanding of insurance premiums, and clear
goals with
measurable outcomes
D. Training of all team members, effective
communication, and clear goals with
measurable outcomes
D
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) job
competencies, expected
responsibilities of a team member are to
explore new ideas, methodologies,
different positions, and
alternatives to reach good outcomes.
These responsibilities best
describe which of the following?
A. Innovation
B.
Adaptability
C. Collaboration
D. Accountability
A
Which THREE of the following are personal characteristics health-care
workers
should display to be most effective in their
profession?
A. Empathetic
B. Polite
C.
Resourceful
D. A follower
A,B,C
Which THREE of the following provide professional development
opportunities
related to health care?
A. Donor
agencies
B. Nongovernmental organizations
C. Academic
institutions
D. Consumer organizations
B,C,D
Which THREE of the following are advantages of participating in
continuous
professional development opportunities related to
health care?
A. It encourages reflective practice.
B. It
allows a person to acquire new skills for a safe and effective
practice.
C. It allows a hospital administrator greater
opportunity to transfer staff.
D. It provides different types of
formal and informal learning opportunities and
support.
A,B,D
Which of the following did Congress pass in 1996 that mandated both
privacy
and security regulations in the health care
industry?
A. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act (HIPAA)
B. The Affordable Care Act (ACA)
C. The Wagner
National Health Act (WNHA)
D. The McCarran-Ferguson Act (MFA)
A
An increase in malpractice premiums would most likely influence which
THREE
of the following decisions by a physician?
A.
Decisions about where to locate the medical practice
B. Degree of
professional development
C. Selection of insurance
company
D. Charge for treatments to patients
A,C,D
Which of the following is necessary for a medical power of attorney
or health
care proxy to begin making health care choices for a
patient?
A. The requirements depend on the particular laws of the
state in which the
patient resides.
B. At least one
physician must determine that the patient is unable
to
communicate effectively or make health care decisions
independently.
C. At least two physicians must determine that the
patient is unable to
communicate effectively or make health care
decisions independently.
D. The physician and the family members
must agree that the patient is unable
to communicate effectively
or make health care decisions independently.
A