Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care: Vital Signs, Oxygen, Chest Tubes, and Lines Flashcards

The body's "steady state". It is maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy living.

Feedback mechanisms may be of two types:

The body's feedback processes are predominantly _____________.

Mechanisms for homeostasis.

Vital signs.

Measurement of the degree of heat of the deep tissues in the human body

Normal mean of body temperature.

Body temperature below 97.7 F

Oral temperature above 99.5

Plays a role in preservation of heat (shivering) and regulation of heat loss (sweating).

A patient with a fever is said to be __________.

Obtained by placing thermometer high between the upper arm and the torso. It is notoriously inaccurate and time-consuming.

Obtained by placing thermometer in the ear.

Average oral temp.

Average tympanic temp.

Average temporal temp.

Average rectal temp.

Average axillary temp.

Reflects the rapidity of each heart contraction and are recorded as the number of beats per minute (BPM).

Common sites for measuring pulse.

During CPR, where is pulse typically measured?

Normal pulse rate for adults.

Normal pulse rate for children.

Converts light intensity into oxygen saturation and pulse rate values. Can have it attached to earlobe, temple, nose, or foot. For infants, a light-emitting probe is placed on big toe.

Pulse measured by listening to the heart with a stethoscope.

Rapidity of the heart action, usually defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.

Slowness of the heartbeat as evidenced by slowing of the pulse rate to less than 60 beats per minute.

Measure of force exerted by blood on the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Normal blood pressure.

Two pieces of equipment required when measuring blood pressure.

Blood pressure is measured in __________.

Where blood pressure is typically measured.

Pertaining to dilation, or a period of relaxation of the heart, especially of the ventricles.

Pertaining to tightening, or a period of contraction of the heart (myocardium).

Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Above 140/90 mm Hg

Abnormally low blood pressure; seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of shock Less than 95/60 mm Hg

Often referred to as "Silent Killer" as patient is typically asymptomatic

Normal range of respirations for an adult.

Normal range of respirations for a child.

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle.

Decreased oxygen tension (concentration) in the blood.

Reduction of oxygen supply to the tissue.

During inspiration the diaphragmatic muscles:

____________ occurs when lung pressure is greater than outside atmospheric pressure.

Accurate measurement for respiratory assessment.

Cessation of spontaneous ventilation.

Absence of gas from part or the whole of the lungs as a result of failure of expansion or reabsorption of gas from the alveoli.

Increased amounts of fluid within the pleural cavity, usually the result of inflammation.

Presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity.

oxygen makes up ____% of atmospheric gas

Oxygen considered a _______ and must be ordered as such

the universal color for oxygen

Oxygen delivery devices are designed to operate at a certain number of __________.

Two classifications of Oxygen Delivery Devices

Oxygen devices.

Most common device used to deliver low concentrations of oxygen.

Two types of masks that are used for oxygen therapy.

Consists of disposable or permanent plastic box that fits over the head. Used for pediatric patients requiring oxygen therapy. Generally used on infants.

Covers the child's bed. It is difficult controlling oxygen concentration because of the frequent openings necessary for childcare which allows oxygen to escape.

Chest Tubes and Lines

Used to manage a variety of respiratory complications. A radiograph will always be performed to ensure proper placement.

Indications for use of an endotracheal tube.

Are used to drain the intrapleural space and the mediastinum.

Chest tubes reestablish negative intrapleural pressure in cases of:

Common insertion site for chest tubes. (Insertion sites vary with the intrapleural substances to be removed)

Catheters that are inserted into a large vein and are used to administer a variety of drugs. They manage fluid volume, monitor cardiac pressures, and serve as a conduit for blood analysis and transfusions.

Variety of clinical applications for central venous lines.

CVP lines were first developed by __________ and then later by __________.

Types of CVP lines.

Most common insertion site for CVP lines.

Incorporates a small electrode at distal end, used to monitor pulmonary arterial pressure. The distal tip will be in one of the two pulmonary arteries. Has balloon on distal end; during pressure monitoring inflates balloon and allows tip to float and wedge in pulmonary artery. Measures pressure and then the balloon deflates.