Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical organization of the somatic and autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
The somatic nervous system has one neuron from the central nervous system to the target tissue, while the autonomic nervous system is set on a two-neuronal relay.
Which disorder of the ANS is characterized by drooping of the upper eyelid, pupil constriction, flushing of the face, and inability to sweat on the affected side of the body?
Horner's syndrome
This is a condition that follows damage to the sympathetic trunk in the inferior cervical region on one side of the body.
Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?
cervical
The cervical region is the only region that does not contain preganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies.
Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?
Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.Submit
The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.
motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure
Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects?
sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue
Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS causes__________of bronchioles.
dilation
If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop?
dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands
Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________.
decreased heart rate
The CNS structure that is the main integration center of the ANS is the__________.
hypothalamus
__________disease is characterized by intermittent attacks of exaggerated sympathetic vasoconstriction of blood vessels of the hands and feet, followed by vasodilation.
Raynaud'sSubmit
Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?
sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse in the sympathetic trunk ganglia or in the collateral ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and inferior hypogastric ganglia).
Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located?
ventral horn of spinal cord
In the spinal cord, the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are located in the ventral horn gray matter.
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________.
localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as the__________division.
thoracolumbar
Almost all postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division release__________.
norepinephrine
Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?
They innervate many of the same visceral organs.
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________.
acetylcholine
These are the examples of postganglionic fibers that do not secrete norepinephrine.
The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the
autonomic nervous system.
Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.
post-ganglionic neuron
Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.
pre-ganglionic neuron
Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.
sympathetic
Another name for the ANS is the
general visceral motor system
Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?
skeletal muscle
Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?
cell bodies outside the CNS
Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
production of goose bumps
Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the
lateral gray horns of the spinal cord
Which autonomic division increases heart rate?
sympathetic
Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
CN X
Which of these statements describing cranial nerves with parasympathetic outflow is accurate?
Cranial nerve VII, which synapses in the pterygopalatine ganglion, regulates nasal secretions and tear production.
The functions of the vagus nerves include __________.
stimulation of glandular secretions from digestive and accessory digestive organs and increased motility of the digestive tract
The vagus nerve is a critically important nerve for regulating parasympathetic functions. The vagus nerves contain over 90% of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the body.
Effects caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic division include __________.
erection, contraction of smooth muscle of bladder wall, and increased motility of digestive organs
Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the
sympathetic division.
Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the
sympathetic division.
Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the
parasympathetic division.
This division can also be called the craniosacral division.
parasympathetic division
Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.
parasympathetic
A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
adrenergic
A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
cholinergic
Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS?
parasympathetic
All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the
salivary glands
Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?
branched fibers