Chapter 1
12th grade, College: First year, College: Second year, College: Third year, College: Fourth year
obtain food by engulfing or ingesting smaller microorganisms
protozoans
worms
Helminths
insects and similar organisms
Arthropods
study of bacteria
bacteriology
study of algae
phycology
study of fungi
mycology
study of protozoa
protozoology
study of parasites
parasitology
study of viruses
virology
the study of chemical reactions that occur in microbes
microbial metabolism
the study of transmission and action of genetic information in microorganisms
microbial genetics
the study of relationships of microbes with each other and with the environment
mocrobial ecology
the study of how host organisms defend themselves against microbial infection
Immunology
the study of the frequency and distribution of diseases
epidemiology
the study of causes of disease
etiology
the study of how to control the spread of nosocomial or hospital-acquired, infections
infection control
the study of the development and use of chemical substances to treat diseases
chemotherapy
the study of how to protect humans from disease organisms in fresh and preserved foods
food and beverage technology
the study of how to maintain safe drinking water, dispose of wastes, and control environmental pollution
environmental microbiology
the study of how to apply knowledge of mircroorganisms to the manufacture of fermented foods and other products of microorganisms
industrial microbiology
the study of how to manufacture antibiotics, vaccines, and other health products
pharmaceutical microbiology
the study of how to use microorganisms to synthesize products useful to humans
genetic engineering
antimicrobial compound
copper
was a popular item to give to babies years ago because it was also considered antimicrobial
silver
What viruses is spread by the urine and/or droppings of rats that has no cure?
Haunta Virus (Y aseminite)
What could people tell from the pineyon pinenut in relationshion to disease years ago?
When more pinyeon pinenuts would show up it meant that there was a rise in humidity in the area, which also meant that the rodents would be out more, more than likely spreading diseases.
How often do scientists believe that a plague occures?
300-500 years
What plague would cause people to turn black where the virus entered the body at because the blood would clot there?
Bubonic Plague
This plague was also known as the black death
Bubonic plague
Rod shaped virus that can be treated with antibiotics
Versinia Pestis
(Bubonic Plague)
Scientist believe that how many cases of Versinia Pestis occur each year?
about 15,000
Where is the main parts of the world that the plague still exists
Madagascar and the four coroners of the United States
Why do rodents that carry the plague never get sick?
because they are resevoirs, which means they are where the microbe can persist
built many microscopes; credited with the first sketching drawings of microbes
Leeuwenhook
discovered cells and named them
Robert Hooke
How did Robert Hooke come up with the name cells?
He looked at plant material and said that it looked like little rooms which were at the time referred to as cells
known for proposing the cell theory
Schliden & Schwann
What does the cell theory state?
cells are the fundamental untis of life and carry out all the basic functions of living things
credited with giving the first innoculation?
Edward Jenner
man that proved once an individual was infected with cow pox (mild) the same individual could not get small pox (severe)
Edward Jenner
What contribution to microbiology is Lister known for?
initiating the use of dilute carbonic acid on bandages and instruments to reduce infection
What is the Human Genome Project's purpose?
to identify the location and chemical sequence of all the genes in the human genome (all the genetic material in the human species)
What is a microbe?
a microorganism
lacks a nucleus
bacteria
single-celled, multicellular microorganism that can either be microscopic or macroscopic
fungi
What is AIDS caused by?
a virus
In the mis-fourteenth century, bubonic plague claimed approximately how many lives?
25,000,000
Who used swan-necked flasks to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur first created the pasteurization process to improve the quality of what beverage?
wine
Who is credited with developing the techniques for pure culturing?
Rober Koch
Robeert Koch won the Nobel peace Prize for his work on what?
Tuberculosis
The successful smallpox vaccine used material from what type of lesions?
cowpox
The process of using microorganisms to clean up environmetnal pollution is called what?
bioremediation
The theory that life can arise form non-living things was called what?
spontaneous generation
Cultures that only contain one kind of organism are called what?
pure cultures
Elie Metchnikoff found that what type of cell of the body can ingest microbes?
phagocytes
Paul Ehrlich discovered what drug used to treat syphilis?
Salvarsan
In 1952, Hershey and chase determined that the genetic material in viruses is what?
amino acid
Lysozyme is an enzyme with what properties?
antibacterial
The Human Genome Project has identified how many genes in the human genome?
25,000