you find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _______
is surrounded by a cuticle
two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are
pollen and seeds
plants had to overcome many challenges in order to colonize land. which is NOT one of those challenges?
using carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
plant-like photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs in
cyanobacteria
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. How many chromosomes should be in the nucleus of an egg within the embryo sac for prior to fertilization?
8 (gametes are haploid)
which of the following structures is important for locomotion for Amoebozoans?
pseudopodia
in gymnosperms, dispersal may occur via all the following except
pollen, carried by animals that ingest it
a small plant species lives on the edge of ponds and relies on diffusion to bring various molecules to different parts of its body. the evolution of vascular tissue in this plant would allow it to gain which of the following advantage?
the ability to grow taller- increasing spore dispersal
Bascillus anthracis is a species that can be fatal to humans if ingested in food or drink. it could be classified as a
pathogen
finding which of the following in a cell of an organism would represent evidence of endosymbiosis in the ancestors of the organism?
organelles surrounded by two plasma membranes
in the life cycle of the dinoflagellate shown below, the sexual part of the life cycle depicts a
zygotic life cycle
which of the following groups is NOT in the same supergroup as land plants
kelp
which of the following organisms is most closely related to fungi?
slime mold
photoautotrophic bacteria:
produce their own food and obtain their energy from sunlight
generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure. meiosis is most likely represented by which number(s)?
4
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
can use atmospheric oxygen to create organic molecules
similar to most amoebozoans, the forams and the radiolarians also have pseudopods, as do some of the white blood cells of animals (monocytes). if one were to erect a taxon that included all organisms that have cells with pseudopods, the taxon would
be polyphyletic
which of the following cellular structures is a characteristic of excavates?
feeding grooves
around hydrothermal vents, there are many prokaryotes that use energy from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and build organic molecules using inorganic compounds. these prokaryotes could be called:
chemoautotrophs
at the farmer's market, you buy spinach, tomatoes, and bell pepper. all of these foods have in common that:
their ancestors have been affected by both natural and artificial selection
you have a pine tree in your back yard and your little cousin marks it with a knife to mark his love for his girlfriend. in 10 years, this mark will be...
at the same height
apical meristems
occur in both roots and shoots of plants
which of the following mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes involves a physical connection between two cells?
conjugation
the genus of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia refers in part to its shape. you can expect that under a light microscope these bacteria should look
round- shaped
(coccus= round)
which of the following traits first appeared at #1 in the tree below?
alternation of generations
which of the following supergroups contains humans?
Unikonta
the domains Bacteria and Archea...
both have DNA that is not contained inside a nucleus
the life cycle below is a _____, and the multicellular structure shown in #1 is a ______
alternation of generations, gametophyte
protists include...
organisms in four different supergroups, which mostly live in aquatic or moist environments
which two domains are most closely related?
archaea and eukarya
movement of minerals (nutrients) in a plant should be the slowest in:
bryophytes
generally speaking for plants, dispersal is...
advantageous for colonizing new habitats and enhancing genetic diversity
plants have many adaptations which allows for life on land. which of the following is one such trait
waxy cuticle
which observing a gram stained bacteria, you note that the specimen has a purple color. this means that:
the species peptidoglycan's layer is thick, making it a gram positive bacteria
purple= positive= thick peptidoglycan
which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates algae from land plants?
land plants have multiple adaptations to reduce water loss such as stomata and cuticle which algae do not
what adaptations should one expect the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed bu frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means?
the seed coat should be able to withstand high acidity, and the seed coat should be resistant to the animal's digestive enzymes
imagine a hypothetical gymnosperm that has evolved in a remote island of the pacific which has no herbivores. compared to similar species on continents with herbivores, you should expect that the island gymnosperm would have
low levels of secondary metabolites in its leaves
in the phylogenetic tree below, which trait appeared at #2?
roots
today, there are around 250,000 species of angiosperms, yet fewer than 1000 species of gymnosperms. in many ecosystems, angiosperms also dominate in terms of biomass. which of the following is a likely reason for the success of angiosperms?
their flowers attract pollinators, which enhances fertilization rate and reproductive success
you would expect a flagellate to have:
one or two long extensions in its cell, used in locomotion or to create a water current
_____ are heterotrophic protists; ______ are photoautotrophic protists.
protozoans... algae
which of the following mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes involves viral infections?
transduction
a very abundant fruit-eating bird in Texas us particularly attracted to red foods. you would expect that a plant in this area may experience...
directional selection for red fruit
which of the following characteristics tends to limit bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to habitats that are relatively moist?
presence of a flagellated sperm
rhodophytes and land plants have the following characteristics in common;
-both include organisms that are multicellular
-both can create a habitat for animals
-both can photosynthesize
you are hanging out at clearwater beach when a bunch of dead fish come floating by. over the next few hours hundreds more fish wash up on the beach. later, you see on the news that the clearwater marine aquarium responded to several calls about marine animals in distress in the area. based on this info, you would conclude that the organism causing the events is a...
dinoflagellate
dry and cool conditions in the terrestrial environment should most favor
seed plants due to their ability to disperse sperm inside pollen
compared to gymnosperms, bryophytes have a relatively ____ sporophyte generation, which means that they tend to have comparatively ____ dispersal potential.
small...low
a new species of unicellular protists is discovered. this species has a life cycle where the gametes are the only haploid cells produced. gametes cannot divide to form new haploid cells but they may fertilize other gametes to form diploid cells. what type of life cycle is this?
gametic life cycle