fungi are important in the Earth's ecosystem because...
they release nutrients back into the environment through decomposition
a true coelom...
has a break in the endoderm
the moist skin of most terrestrial amphibians is important for
gas exchange
animals have a _____ life cycle, which means no mitosis occurs in the ______ stage
gametic, haploid
what ancestral trait is absent in apes?
tail
a fish is better suited than a jellyfish for...
-moving fast in one direction
-sensing the environment ahead of itself
you find a population of terrestrial vertebrates living in the Australian desert. which adaptation would you most expect to find these organisms
amniotic egg
during the heterokaryotic stage of fungal reproduction...
each cell contains at least two haploid nuclei
what do fungi and arthropods have in common?
both groups use chitin for support
fungi have an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. what is the advantage of this characteristic to an organism that gets most of its nutrients through absorption
the high ratio allows for more material to be acquired from the surroundings and transported through the cell membrane
while sampling marine plankton in a lab, a student encourages large numbers of fertilized eggs, the student rears some of the eggs in the laboratory for further study and finds the blastopore becomes the mouth. the embryo develops into a trochophore larva and eventually has a true coelom. these eggs prob belong to a(n)...
mollusc
which can move around the fastest
#2 because its symmetry allows for the concentration of sense organs in the anterior end
what is the best explanation for why yeast cells are small and hyphae are thin?
absorptive nutrition is more efficient when all the cells are in contact with the nutrition sources
which of the following statements is correct with respect to the evolutionary relationship between chordates and invertebrates
chordates are more closely related to echinoderms than arthropods
what do animals ranging from corals to monkeys have in common?
presence of Hox genes
early development is completed with a placental connection between mother and offspring in this group of mammals
-eutherians
-marsupials
-monotremes
which of the following trends exhibited by human ancestors over time?
increase in brain size
the Cambrian period saw a rapid increase in
the number of different animal species, because the evolution of the Hox gene complex allowed for new animal morphologies
which of the following would you classify as something other than an animal?
choanoflagellate
the clade Anthropoidea includes all the following except
lemurs
what trait of fungi allows mycorrhizal fungi to benefit plants by increasing access to water and nutrients
network of tiny filaments in the soil
cnidarians like sea anemones and jellyfish use cnidocytes for the following
-defense
-prey capture
mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?
their developmental origin
while walking in a forest, your friend observed a small animal crawling on a tree. the animal had a rigid body with three body segments, two large eyes, and six legs. to which clade di this animal most likely belong?
insect
which characteristic is common to all the modern representatives of ALL major reptilian lineages (turtles, lepidosaurs, crocodilians, and birds)
presence of a notochord
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of both animals and fungi?
rigid cells walls due to chitin layers
large animals need specialized organs for gas exchange because ______
volume increases more rapidly than surface area as size increases
the presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still ____
not sink
an increase in atmospheric oxygen may directly allow for
larger animals with high levels of activity
phylogenic relationship of animals
radial symmetry arose independently in echinoderms and in cnidarians
the fact that snakes don't have legs is a
derived characteristic
which of these might have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans
a mineralized, bony skeleton
which of the following developmental features is the same for protostomes and deuterostomes
three tissue layers
crustaceans, insects, chelicerates, and nematodes all share which trait?
a cuticle
you find an invertebrate with an exoskeleton, 2 body segments, and 8 legs. it seems to inject poison into its prey via two appendages near the mouth. this animal is a
chelicerate
reproduction in fungi...
may be sexual or asexual
what do animals as diverse as a sponge and a shark have in common?
heterotrophy
mycelium absorbs the most nutrients per unit surface area, per unit times at
the edge
we find many adaptations among animals that increase the amount of surface area of a whole or part of the body in relation to the animal's total volume. Such adaptations include a Platyhelminthes flat body plan, the gills of a crustacean, and the tracheae tubes of an insect. these are adaptations for which of the following biological needs?
diffusion of oxygen into the body
which of the following pairs are most closely related in an evolutionary sense?
nematodes: insects
what trait is common between cnidarians, humans, and butterflies
specialized tissues
chemical inhibits the developments of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. what would be a likely mechanism by which this pesticide works?
the mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function
during chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose?
1. endoskeleton
2. jaws
3. lung or lung derivatives
4. limbs with digits
5. amniotic eggs
which of the following clade of animals are amniotes
-crocodilians
-birds
-primates
which statement about protostomes is true
the first opening that forms during gastrulation becomes the mouth
(blastopore to mouth)
which statement about deuterostomes is true
the first opening that forms during gastrulation becomes the anus
(blastopore to anus)
what was an early selective advantage of a coelom in animals?
a coelom contributed to hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion
a mushroom is
the result of a mating event between hyphae of two different mycelia
which of the following groups is most closely related to vertebrates
tunicates
plankton off the coat have bilateral symmetry as larvae, yet radial symmetry as adults, as well as many spines protruding from the body. this animal is likely
an echinoderm