The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called
metabolism
Reactions within the _______ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell.
the mitochondria
What percent of energy released from catabolism is lost as heat?
60%
The study of the flow of energy and its transformations is called
energetics
The chemical equation that correctly summarizes the overall reaction in oxidative phosphorylation is
2 H2+ O2= 2 H2O
The function of the citric acid cycle is to
remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes
In the ETS, _______ accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another.
a coenzyme
Each cytochrome contains a(n)
metal ion
In order for glycolysis to proceed, which of the following need not to be present?
acetyl-CoA
The ______ of the mitochondria contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid.
outer membrane
The citric acid cycle
begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.
The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during
the citric acid cycle.
In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP?
2
The strategy of eating starchy foods for several days before an athletic event is known as
carbohydrate loading
Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle, ______ yields energy the quickest.
glucose
The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following except
the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bond
In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the
movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism (all pathways) of one glucose molecule?
36 ATP
What is the role of NADH in metabolism?
transport hydrogen atoms to coenzymes
The citric acid cycle occurs in the
mitochondrial matrix
Hydrogen atoms from one FADH2 from the citric acid cycle produce how much ATP in the electron transport system?
2 ATP
When NAD+ is _______ it becomes NADH. When NADH is _____ it becomes NAD+.
reduced; oxidized
Oxygen is an important molecule in what?
citric acid cycle and ETS
If 8 molecules of NADH from the citric acid cycle entered the ETS, how much ATP would be produced?
24 ATP
The citric acid cycle is an aerobic process because
oxygen is needed to remove carbon atoms as carbon dioxide