radiologic science for technologist Flashcards

Chapter 1-1 through 1-3

Chapter 1-1

Which of the following items is considered to be matter?

a. Airport surveillance X-rays

b. Anode heat

c. Cell phone signals

d. Light from a movie projector

e. Wet snow

Which of the following is the principal difference between mass and weight?

a. Mass is measured in pounds (lb); weight is measured in kilograms (kg).

b. Mass is the equivalence of energy; weight is the force exerted by gravity.

c. There is no difference; mass and weight are equal.

d. Weight does not change with position; mass does.

e. Weight is energy; mass requires gravity.

Energy is defined as:

a. A force exerted by a body.

b. Anything that occupies space and has shape.

c. The ability to do work.

d. The degree of gravity.

e. The quantity of matter.

Which of the following examples best represents energy?

a. A snowman

b. A thrown snowball

c. Anode mass

d. The metal plates in a battery

e. The terminals of a battery.

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

a. A heated anode?

b. A mobile x-ray imaging system in motion

c. An x-ray beam.

d. An x-ray imaging system

e. Visible light?

In Einstein's famous E=mc² equation, c stands for which of the following?

a. Acceleration of mass

b. Force

c. Mass-energy equivalence

d. The speed of light

e. The theory of relativity

Radiation is:

a. Energy transferred

b. Isotropic emission

c. Kinetic particles

d. Mass with a charge

e. Measured in joules

The milligray in air (mGy_t) relates to which of the following?

a. A dose equivalent

b. Ions produced in the air

c. Isotropic emission

d. Non-ioninzing radiation

e. Tissue-absorbed dose

Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic radiation?

a. Alpha radiation

b. Beta rays

c. Sound

d. Ultrasound

e. Visible light

When ionization occurs, which of the following is true?

a. The negative ion is electromagnetic radiation.

b. The negative ion is the ion pair.

c. The negative ion is the target atom.

d. The positve ion is the resulting atom.

e. The positive ions is the resulting atom.

X-rays are most like:

a. Alpha rays

b. Beta rays

c. Diagnostic ultrasound

d. Gamma rays

e. Radio waves

Which of the following is the larges source of human exposure to man-made radiation?

a. Cosmic rays

b. Medical diagnostic radiation

c. Nuclear power-generating stations

d. Radioactive fallout

e. Radioactive materials in consumer products.

What is the approximate annual effective dose from natural environmental radiation at sea level?

a. 50 μSv/yr (5mrem/yr)

b. 100 μSv/yr (10 mrem/yr)

c. 500 μSv/yr (50 mrem/yr)

d. 1 μSv/yr (100 mrem/yr)

e. 5 μSv/yr (500 mrem/yr)

Which of the following results in the highest annual radiation dose?

a. Cosmic rays

b. Diagnostic x-rays

c. Microwave radiation

d. Nuclear power

e. Radiation from inside the earth

which of the following contributes more than 1mSv per year to each of us?

a. Consumer products

b. Exposure to radon

c. Microwave oven raidation

d. Radioactive fallout radiation

e. Radioisotopes in nuclear medicine

Which of the following is a unit of mass?

a. Joule

b. Kilogram

c. mrad

d. Pound

e. Volt

Which of the following is ionizing electromagnetic radiation?

a. Beta Rays

b. Gamma Rays

c. Microwaves

d. Radio Waves

e. Ultrasound

Which of the following is a unit of energy?

a. Joule

b. Kilogram

c. mrad

d. Pound

e. Volt

chapter 1-2

What was the device with which Roentgen discovered X-rays?

a. Anode tube

b. Coolidge tube

c. Crookes tube

d. Geissler tube

e. Snook interrupterless transformer

The phosphor that Roentgen used in early experiments with x-rays was which of the following?

a. Barium platinocyanide

b. Cadmium tungstate

c. Calcium tungstate

d. Rare earth

e. Zinc Cadmium sulfide

How are x-ray tuber voltages measured?

a. Kilovolt?

b. Megavolt

c. Microvolt

d. Millivolt

e. Volt

Which of the following early pioneers developed the fluoroscope?

a. Alexander G. Bell

b. J. J. Thompson

c Thomas Edision

d. Wilhelm Roentgen

e. Wiliam Crookes

Who firs applied x-ray beam collimation and filtration in medical imaging?

a. Wilhelm Roentgen

b. William Coolidge

c. William Crookes

d. William Longfellow

e. William Rollins

Which of the following is the type of x-ray tube is used today?

a. Coolidge tube

b. Crookes tube

c Geissler tube

d. Leonard tube

e. Snook tube

The Bucky grid, which was introduced in 1921, does what?

a. improves contrast resolution

b. Improves spatial resolution

c. Provides x-ray collimation

d. Reduces examination time.

e. Reduces patient exposure

Which of the following regarding radiation lethality is true?

a. Clarence Dally was the first American to die because of x-ray exposure.

b. No medical radiation deaths have occurred.

c. Radiology has always been considered a completely safe occupation.

d. The first X-ray--induced death did not occur until approcimateldy 1920.

e. The first x-ray--induced death occured within a year of Roentgen's discovery.

Which of the following describes the Coolidge X-ray tube?

a. It has a heated cathode

b. It has a rotating anode

c. It is not as good as the Crookes tube.

d. It is not in use today.

e. It was used by Roentgen when he discovered x-rays.

Roentgen originally identified x-rays as which of the following?

a. Alpha rays

b. Cathode rays

c. Electrons

d. X-heat

e. X-light

What are the two simple, general types of x-ray imaging procedures?

a. Digital and analog

b. Electromagnetic and ultrasonic

c. Radiographic and fluoroscopic

d. Radiographic and tomographic

e. Roentgenographic and ultrasonic

Which of the following provides dynamic x-ray images?

a. Digital radiography

b. Doppler ultrasonography

c. Fluoroscopy

d. Mammography

e. Tomography

The film Base for a radiograph made in 1920 would have been made of which of the following?

a. Calcium Tungstate

b. Cellulose acetate

c. Cellulose nitrate

d. Glass

E. Tungstate cadmium

X-ray beam collimation and filtration do which of the following?

a. Compromise image quality

b. Improve spatial resolution

c. Reduce exposure time

d. Reduce Patient dose

e. Result in patient disomfort.

Chapter 1-2

Which of the following imaging modalities was develeoped most recently?

a. Computed tomography (CT)

b. Diagnostic ultrasound

c. Direct digital radiography

d. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

e. Multislice helical CT

Which of the folloiwng radiation responses was not reported before 1910?

a. Anemia

b. Death

c. Epilation

d. Leukemia

e. Skin erythema

Chapter 1-3

One of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographer should minimize which of the following?

a. Distance

b. kVp

c. mAs

d. Shielding

e. Time

Which of the following is not included in the 10 basic radiation control principles of diagnostic radiology?

a. Always wear a radiation monitor while at work

b. Collimate the x-ray beam to the appropriate field size.

c. Use high-kVp technique

d. Use high-mA technique.

e. Wear protective apparel during fluoroscopy

If is is necesary to immobilize a patient during a radiographic examination, the most acceptable person to do this is a/an:

a. 18-year old borther of the patient

b. 20-year old female technologist

c. 40 year old male technologist

d. 50-year old female friend of the patient

e. Hospital orderly

Which of the following is correctly stated for diagnostic radiology?

a. Collimation is important only for chest examination.

b. Copper is used most often as an x-ray filter.

c. Gonad shield are as important for a 50-year-old woman as for a 20-year-old woman.

d. The radiological technologist may hold patients for some s-ray examinations

e. Radiographic intensifying screens reduce patient dose.

Which of the following will reduce personnel exposure the most?

a. Collimation of the x-ray beam

b. Filtration of the x-ray beam.

c. Recording of fluoroscopy time

d. A high kVp technique

e. Use of protective barriers for radiographers.

When abdominal radiography is conducted on a child, which of the following is true?

a. Gonad shielding is not necessary

b. Increasing kVp will increase image contrast.

c. The parent should hold the child if necessary, and protective apparel should be provided.

d. The parent should hold the child if necessary, and protective apparel is not necessary.

e. The technologist should hold the child if necessary

All except which of the following help to reduce patient dose?

a. Cones

b. Filtration

c. Gonadal shields

d. Intensifying screens

e. Radiographic grids

After termination of an x-ray exposure:

a. No more x-rays are emitted

b. The patient continues to emit scatter radiation for a few seconds.

c. The patient continues to emit scatter radiation for less than 1 second.

d. the patiend is momentarily radioactive.

e. X-rays continue to be emitted for a few seconds.

During fluoroscopy, what should the radiographer always do?

a. Leave the radiation monitor behind the fixed protective barrier.

b. Position the radiation monitor under the protective apron.

c. Remain as close to the patient as possible.

d Wear a radiation monitor when examined as a patient.

e. Wear protective apparel

The main reason for filtering the x-ray beam is to:

a. Absorb heat.

b. Absorb penetrating x-radiation

c. Focus the x-ray beam.

d. Reduce patient dose

e. Shapen the image

Which of the following represents implementation of a radiation protection procedure?

a. Avoid repeat examination

b. Collimate to the film size.

c. Monitor processor performance

d. Remove filtration

e. Wear protective apparel at the control console.

Which of the following is an example of an x-ray beam collimator?

a. Dead-man switch

b. Elapsed timer

c. Filter

d. Positive beam limitation (PBL)

e. Radiographic grid

Which of the following is true regarding the discovery of ionizing radiation?

a. It was predicted by Mendeleev's field theory

b. Radioactivity was discovered within a year of Roentgen's discovery.

c. Roentgen's discovery occurred in 1906.

d. The apparatys that Roentgen used was called a coolidge tube.

e. The first radiation fatality occurred in 1920.

Generally, X-ray examinations are reserved for which of the following?

a. Asymptomatic Patients

b. Older patients

c. Patients who are not pregnant

d. Symptomatic patients

e. X-ray personnel

Gonad shields should be used:

a. For all examinations of all patients

b. On all female patients

c. On all male patients

d. When the gonads are in or near the useful beam

e. When the gonads are in the useful beam.

Which of the following is the principal reason to avoid repeat examination?

a. The cost of the procedure is doubled

b. The image may be confused.

c. the patient is inconvenienced

d. the patient receives twice the radiation dose.

e. The radiographer's workload is doubled.

Chapter 1-4

Standard Units Of Measurement

Which of the following is not a base quantity in the SI?

a. Electric current

b. Mass

c. Radiation exposure

d. Temperature

e. Time

Which of the following is an SI base unit?

a. Becquerel

b. Coulomb

c. Coulomb/kilogram

d. Gray

e. Kilogram

Which of the following standards of SI measure is correct?

a. The foot was measured by King Henry VIII

b. The meter is related to the visible emission from the sun.

c. The meter is the length of an engraved platinum-iridium bar.

d. The second is based on the rotation of the earth around the sun.

e. The second is based on the vibrations of cesium atoms.

Water has a mass density of 1 g/cm³. Its density is also:

a. 10^-3 kg/m³

b. 1kg/m³

c. 10 kg/m³

d. 10³ kg/m³

e. 10⁵ kg/m³

SI stands for which of the following?

a. Inconsistent system

b. Incorrect system

c. Le Systeme Institutional

d. Le Systeme International d'Unites

e. System International

Which of the following is not a system of units?

a. British

b. CGS

c. French

d. MKS

e. SI

Which of the following is an SI name for a base unit?

a. Celsius

b. Kilovolt

c. Milliampere

d. Newton

e. Second

Which of the following is a unit of energy?

a. Gray

b. Joule

c. Newton

d. Rad

e. Sievert

Which of the following is expressed in the proper units?

a. Absorbed dose: Sv

b. Activity: rem

c. Dose equivalent: rad

d. Exposure: Bq

e. Exposure: mGy_a

Which of the following is an SI-derived unit?

a. Dyne

b. Horsepower

c. Joule

d. Kelvin

e. Roentgen

Which of the following has units of s^-1?

a. Dose

b. Exposure

c. Frequency

d. Time

e. Velocity

The unit of measure that is the same for all systems of measure is the:

a. Calorie

b. Kilogram

c. Meter

d. Pound

e. Second

A kilogram is the:

a. Energy required to raise 1lb of water 1˚C

b. Mass of standard gold bar

c. Mass of 1 lb of water

d. Mass of 1000 cm³ of water

e. Temperature rise of 1 lb of water

What unit results when a coulomb is divided by a second?

a. Ampere

b. Hertz

c. Ohm

d. Rad

e. Volt

What common radiological unit results from the following? millicoulomb X second = ______?

a. ESE

b. kVp

c. mA

d. PBL

e SID

The radiologic unit milliampere-second (mAs) is actually a measure of:

a. Electric charge

b. Electric potential

c. Number of electrons

d. Potential difference

e. X-ray intensity

Which of the following is a unit of electric potential?

a. Joule

b. kVp

c. mA

d. mAs

e. Newton

The fundamental unit of force is the:

a. Coulomb

b. Joule

c. Newton

d. Roentgen

e. Volt

Chapter 1-5

Newton's Law

Which of the following is not a correct statement of Newton's laws?

a. Acceleration is equal to initial velocity plus final velocity, divided by 2.

b. Force is equal to mass times acceleration

c. Momentum is equal to mass times velocity.

d. Velocity is equal to distance divided by time.

e. Weight is equal to mass times acceleration

Which of the following correctly states Newton's first law of motion?

a. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force.

b. An object with mass (m) and acceleration (a) is acted on by force. given by the equation F = ma.

c. For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction.

d. Matter and energy are related.

e. The total momentum before any interaction is equal to the total momentum after the interaction.

Another name for velocity is:

a. Energy

b. Mass

c. Speed

d. Time

e. Work

When you travel 50 mph, you are also going approximately:

a. 80 km/hr

b. 100 km/hr

c. 1100 ft/min

d 2200 ft/min

e 3300 ft/min

Acceleration is also:

a. The product of time and distance

b. The rate of change of time with velocity

c. The rate of change of velocity with distance

d. The rate of change of velocity with time

e. Time squared

An automobile travels 30 miles in 30 min. Its average velocity is approximately:

a. 1 mi/min

b. 33 mi/min

c. 60 mi/min

d. 88 mi/min

e. 99 mi/min

The final speed of a dragster in a quarter mile is 80 mph. The average velocity is:

a. 4 mi/hr

b. 8 mi/hr

c. 16 mi/hr

d. 32 mi/hr

e. 40 mi/hr

A dragster requires 8 s to reach a speed of 80 mph. What is its acceleration?

a. 1.1 m/s²

b. 2.2 m/s²

c. 3.3 m/s²

d. 4.5 m/s²

e 5.5 m/s²

Inertia is:

a. Mass times acceleration

b. Newton's second law of motion

c. Resistance to a change in motion

d. Velocity divided by time

e. Velocity times time

Which of the following statements refers to a vector quantity?

a. The car was speeding north at 100km/hr.

b. the seep of light is 3 x 10⁸ m/s

c. The standard man has a mass of 70 kg.

d. The standard man weighs 70 kg.

e. The units of Planck's constant are J-s.

A World Series fastball was clocked at 90 mph. How long did that ball take to travel the 90 feet to the plate?

a. Less than 1 s

b. 1 s

c. Longer than 2 s

d. 1.5 s

e. 2 s

How many fundamental laws of motion did Newton formulate?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

e. 5

If someone were to fall off the edge of the south rim of Grand Canyon the force exerted would be measured in:

a. kg

b. J

c. m/s

d. m/Sv

e. N

If the acceleration caused by gravity is 9.8 m/s², what is the gravitational force acting on a 50-kg sack pushed off the roof of a 50-story building?

a. 0.2 N

b. 5.1 N

c. 40.2 N

d. 80 N

e. 490 N

How is momentum best described?

a. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

b. It is the force of an object caused by the downward pull of gravity.

c. It is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity.

d. It is the relationship between matter and energy.

e. Objects falling to the earth accelerate at a constant rate.

the total momentum before any interaction is:

a. An equal and opposite reaction

b. Decreased by the property of friction, so it is less after the interaction.

c. Equal to the total momentum after the interaction

d. Greater than the total momentum during the interaction

e. Less than the total momentum during the interaction.

Which of the following is a unit of work?

a. Gray

b. Hertz

c. Joule

d. Newton

e. Rad

Which of the following statements about work is true?

a. It can be measured in watts.

b. It depends on time.

c. It involves the same units as energy

d. It involves time.

e. It is performed when a large weight is held motionless

When a force is exerted to push a mobile radiographic imaging system, the force would be expressed in what unit?

a. Joule

b. Kilogram

c. Kilovolt

d. Newton

e. Rad

Chapter 1-6

Mechanics

A radiographer lifts a box onto a platform. Choose one or more of the following choices (a through f) to use as you complete Exercizes 1-5

a. The distance the box is lifted

b. The force used by the man to lift the box.

c. The mass of the box

d. The size of the box

e. The time required to lift the box.

F. The velocity of the box

1. The KE of the box depends on ____,____.

2. The man's power output depends on ____, ___, ___.

3. The PE of the box depends on _____,_____.

4. The total energy used depends on _____,_____.

5. The work don depends on ____,_____.

Which of the following statements about work is true?

a. It can be measured in watts

b. It depends on time.

c. It has units the same as energy.

d. It is measured in newtons.

e. it is performed when a large weight is held motionless.

A one-bedroom apartment might use 1000 kW-hr of electricity. The kilowatt-hour is a unit of:

a. Energy

b. Force

c. Heat

d. Potential Energy

e. Power

Kinetic energy (KE) is directly proportional to:

a. A vector quantity

b. Acceleration

c. Force

d. Mass

e. Velocity

Which of the following units of energy is most fundamental?

a. Calorie

b. Electron volt

c. Erg

d. Joule

e. Kilowatt-hour

Which of the following is the primary method of heat dissipation from the rotating anode of an x-ray tube?

a. Conduction

b. Convection

c. Convention

d. Radiation

e. Reduction

Which of the following statements about energy is true?

a. Energy is a force.

b. Energy is a form of power.

c. Energy is the ability to do work.

d. Energy is the rate of doing work.

e. X-rays can be described by their potential energy.

How much work is done in lifting a 1-kg box of film from the floor to a shelf that is 2m high? (hint: 1kg = 2.2 lb = 9.8 N)

A. 1 J

b. 2.2 J

c. 4.5 J

d. 19.6 J

e. 9 N

A car with a 300-hp engine is very fast. the power of the engine is equivalent to how many kilowatts?

a. 0.4 kW

b. 2.5 kW

c. 25 kW

d. 224 kW

e. 300 kW

Heat is transferred from a glass-enclosed fireplace primarily by:

a. Conduction

b. Convection

c. Convention

d. Radiation

e. Temperature

A 1-degree change is equal in thermal energy for which of the two scales?

a. Absolute and kelvin

b. Celsius and absolute

c. Celsius and Fahrenheit

d. Celsius and kelvin

e. Fahrenheit and kelvin

Which British unit is equivalent to the newton?

a. Foot-pound

b. Gram

c. Joule

d. Kilogram

e. Pound

17. Energy = ______ a. Push and pull

18. Force = _______ b. The ability to do work

19. Kinetic Energy =______ c. The energy of motion

20. Power = _________ d. The product of force and distance.

21. Work = _________ e. The rate of doing work

Chapter 1-7

Numeric Prefixes

10 Kilometers (km) is equal to:

a. 100 m

b. 1000 m

c. 10,000 m

d. 100,000 m

e. 1,000,000 m

A radiographic exposure that lasts 1/10 s is equal to:

a. 100 μs

b. 1 ms

c. 10 ms

d. 100 ms

e. 1000 ms

A posteroanterior (PA) chest examination is conducted at 120 kVp. The peak x-ray tube voltage is:

a. 120 V

b. 1200 V

c. 12,000 V

d.120,000 V

e. 1,200,000 V

A radiographic exposure made on the 200 mA station is equivalent to:

a. 2000 μA

b. 20,000 μA

c. 200,000 μA

d. 2,000,000 μA

e. 20,000,000 μA

If you are 160 cm tall, your height is also:

a. 0.16 m

b. 16 mm

c. 16,000 mm

d. 1.6 X 10⁶ μm

e. 1.6 X 10⁶ nm

Which of the following is correct?

a. 1,000,000 eV =1keV

b. 0.001 A = 1 pA

c. 10^-7 m = 1 nm

d. 10 μA =0.1 ma

e. 1/60 s = 17 ms

If your mass is 70 kg, it is also:

a. 0.07 mg

b. 7000 g

c. 70,000 g

d. 7,000,000 mg

e. 70,000,000 μg

Which of the following scientific prefixes is correct?

a. A 1/120 s exposure is 8ms.

b. A 35keV xray has 35 X 10⁶ eV of energy.

c. 1 nm is 10^-12 m

d. 1 μBq is 10^-3 Bq

e. 10 kVp is 1000 Vp

A KUB radiograph (radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder) is made at 82 kVp/200 mA/0.25 s. This is equivalent to:

a. 0.82 X 10³ kVp/ 2 X 10^-5 μA/ 2.5 x 10⁴ ms

b. 0.82 X 10⁴ kVp/ 0.2 A/ 2.5 ms

c. 8.2 X 10⁶ mVp/ 2 X 10² mA/ 2.5 x 10² ms

d. 8.2 X 10⁷ μVp/ 2 X 10⁵ μA/ 2.5 x 10⁶ μs

e. 82 X 10³ Vp/ 2 X 10^-1 A/ 250 ms

The normal source-to-image receptor distance (SID) for an upright chest radiograph is 180 cm. This is equivalent to:

a. 1.8 m

b. 18 mm

c. 180 mm

d 1800 μm

e. 18,000 μm

When the radiographic exposure time is 1/2 s, it is also:

a. 50 ms

b. 200 ms

c. 500 ms

d. 2000 ms

e. 5000 ms

A fluoroscopic examination is conducted at 1.5 A. This is equivalent to:

a. 15 mA

b. 150 mA

c. 1500 mA

d. 15,000 mA

e. 1500 μA

The normal x-ray tube potential for a mammogram is 26 kVp. This is equivalent to:

a. 2.6 X 10^-2 Vp

b. 2.6 X 10^-1 Vp

c. 2.6 X 10² Vp

d. 2.6 X 10³ Vp

d. 2.6 X 10⁴ Vp

The SID for a mobil radiograph is often 90 cm. This is equivalent to:

a. 9 X 10^-2 m

b. 9 X 10^-1 m

c. 9 X 10⁰ m

d. 9 X 10² m

e. 9 X 10³ m

A radiographic expsure requires 400 ms. This is also:

a. 0.0004 s

b. 0.004 s

c. 0.04 s

d. 0.4 s

e. 4 s

A radiographic exposure is made at 600 mA, 200 ms. This is equivalent to:

a. 1.2 mAs

b. 1.2 X 10¹ mAs

c. 1.2 X 10² mAs

d. 1.2 X 10³ mAs

e. 1.2 X 10⁴ mAs

A chest radiograph is conducted at 125 kVp. This is equivalent to:

a. 1.25 X 10² Vp

b. 1.25 X 10³ Vp

c. 1.25 X 10⁴ Vp

d. 1.25 X 10⁵ Vp

e. 1.25 X 10⁶ Vp

An average annual occupational radiation exposure for a radiographer is approximately 5 mSv. This is equivalent to:

a. 5 X 10^-3 Sv

b. 5 X 10^-2 Sv

c. 5 X 10^-1 Sv

d. 5 X 10⁰ Sv

e. 5 X 10² Sv

A lateral chest radiograph will expose a patient to approximately 0.2 mGy_a. This is equivalent to:

a. 2 X 10¹ μGy_a

b. 2 X 10² μGy_a

c. 2 X 10³ μGy_a

d. 2 X 10⁴ μGy_a

e. 2 X 10⁵ μGy_a

The spectrum of visible light extends from approximately 400 nm to 700 nm. This is equal to:

a. (4 to 7) X 10^-4 m

b. (4 to 7) X 10^-5 m

c. (4 to 7) X 10^-6 m

d. (4 to 7) X 10^-7 m

e. (4 to 7) X 10^-8 m

Chapter 1-8

Radiological Units

A radiation monitoring report would express a radiographer's dose equivalent in which of the following?

a. Becquerel

b. Curie

c. Gray

d. Roentgen

e. Sievert

A posterioranterior (PA) chest radiograph delivers approximately what dose to the patient?

a. 100 eV

b. 100 J

c. 100 mR

d. 100 μGy_a

e. 100 μGyt

To produce death, mice must be irradiated to a total effective dose of approximately:

a. 6 eV

b. 6 Gy_a

c. 6 Gy_t

d. 6 J

e. 6 Sv

The approximate output intensity of a radiographic x-ray tube is:

a. 50 mCi/mAs

b. 50 mJ/mAs

c. 50 μGy_a/mAs

d. 50 μGy_t/mAs

e. 50 μSv/mAs

Tc-99^m is the most often used radionuclide in diagnostic nuclear medicine. It is used in quantities of:

a. MBq

b. Ci

c. Gy_a

d. J

e. Sv

The mGy_a is a unit of measure that specifies which of the following?

a. Absorption of x-rays

b. Attenuation of x-rays

c. Character of x-rays

d. Intensity of x-rays

e. Quality of x-rays

Which of the following adequately describes the use of the Gy_t?

a. To measure energy absorbed by tissue

b. To measure radiation exposure in air

c. To measure the amount of radioactive material.

d. To measure the occupational exposure received by a radiographer

e. To measure the output intensity of an x-ray machine

Which of the following is a classic radiologic unit?

a. Ampere

b. Coulomb/ kilogram

c. Joule

d. rem

e. Sievert

if 20 Gy_t is delivered to 2g of soft tissue, 1 g of this tissue receives:

a. 0.5 Gy_t

b. 10 g-Gy_t

c. 10 Gy_t

d. 20 g-Gy_t

e. 20 Gy_t

Absorbed dose can be measured in:

a. ergs

b. Gy

c. J

d. keV

e. kg-Gy

Which of the following is not a unit of energy?

a. Calorie

b. Electron volt

c. Erg

d. Gray

e. Joule

Which of the following statements is equivalent?

a. 1 Gy_t = 1 J/kg

b. 1 mCi = 37 μC/kg

c. 1 Sv = 100 erg/g

d. 200 mrad = 2 cGy

e. 500 mR = 5 mGy_a

Which of the following is a unit of radioactivity?

a. Ci

b. Gy

c. J

d. R

e. Rad

Absorbed dose can be expressed in:

a. Bq

b. Ci

c. Erg

d. eV

e. J/kg

Which of the following demonstrate the proper use of air kerma?

a. An angiographer receives an occupational exposure of 10 mGy_a.

b. 100 Gy_t of ¹³¹I is administered to image the thyroid.

c. Patient treatment dose with a linear accelerator unit is 6000 R

d. The dose limit (DL) for radiologic technologists is 50 mSv/yr

e. X-ray intensity from linear accelerator unit is 2Gy_a/min.

In diagnostic radiology, it is acceptable to assume that 1 mGy_a is equal to:

a. 1 Ci

b. 1 erg

c. 1 J

d. 1keV

e. 1 mGy_t

In the SI system:

a. Equivalent dose is expressed in Gy.

b. kVp is equal to keV.

c. 1 J is approximately equal to 1 MeV.

d. 1000 rad is equivalent to 10 Gy.

e. 1000 rad is equivalent to 100 Sv.

Dose rate coul dbe expressed in units of:

a. Ergs/g

b. J/kg/min

c. keV/min

d. kVp/s

e. Sv/min

When SI is used, radiation exposure is degined in units of coulombs/kilogram. With regard to this unit of measure, which of the following is true?

a. Coulomb refers to electrons released in ionization.

b. Coulomb refers to energy absorbed.

c. Kilogram refers to mass of radiation.

d. Kilogram refers to the radiation mass.

e. Kilogram refers to the patient's mass.