CH 26- Urinary Overview; Kidney Anatomy, Nephron
9th grade, 10th grade, 11th grade, 12th grade, College: First year, College: Second year, College: Third year, College: Fourth year
Excretion
removal of organic wastes from body fluids
Elimination
mechanisms; discharge out into environment
Urinary System
regulation of plasma solute concentrations
Urinary System
regulation of blood vessel and blood pressure
Urinary System
stabilize blood pH
Urinary System
Conserve nutrients
Urinary System
assist in detoxification
Regulation of plasma solute, BV & BP, stabilize *blood* pH, conserve nutrients, assist in detoxification
urinary system functions (6)
Pyramids, papilla, columns
structures in the kidney medulla (3)
major and minor
structures in the kidney calyces (2)
Calyces
kidney structure; collecting urine draining from pyramids and empty it into the pelvis
Renal cortex, renal medulla, calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
5 major structures of the kidney
Inter Lobar arteries
vessel through renal columns between lobes
Cortical Radiate arteries
vessel give rise to afferent arterioles supplying glomerulus
Papillary duct (only other portion of collecting duct)
deliver of urine to minor calyx
Nephron loop
*further* reabsorption of water (descending limb) and Na and Cl ions (ascending limb
Water
descending limb reabsorbs this
sodium and chloride
ascending limb of nephron loop reabsorbs this
Renal corpuscle
production of filtrate
Proximal convoluted tubule
reabsorption of water, ions, and *all organic nutrients*
Distal convoluted tubule
secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Distal convoluted tubule
variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions and calcium ions *under hormonal control*
Collecting ducts
variable reabsorption of water and reabsorption or secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions
20-25%
% of blood supply through kidneys
collecting ducts, papillary duct
collecting system structures (2)
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, renal corpuscle
nephron structures (4)
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts, nephron loop
structures in nephron and collecting that reabsorb (4)
proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts
structures in nephron and collecting that secrete (3)
Nephron
blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney
short, long loop
types of nephron
Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
location of the nephron (3)
Bowman's capsule
surrounds glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
structure lined by *capsular* epithelium
Bowman's capsule
structure has *capsular* space btw visceral and capsular epithelial
Renal corpuscle
the glomerulus (nephron) is located in this major region of the kidney
glomerulus
these structures contains a cluster of *fenestrated* capillaries
fenestrated
what type of capillaries are located inside the glomerulus
capillaries of glomerulus
this structures is covered with podocytes or pedicles
afferent, efferent
the fenestrated capillaries of the glomerulus contain these arterioles for filtrating
Ascending (thick), Descending (thin) limbs
Loop of Henle structures
Tubule system
system that reabsorbs nutrients, and 90% of filtrated water
Tubule system
system that secrete additional waste products into lumen
Loop of Henle
aka nephron loop
proximal convoluted tubule
tubule; simple cuboidal; *microvilli*
distal convoluted tubule
tubule; simple cuboidal; *no* microvilli
proximal convoluted tubule
this tubule reabsorb nutrients/ions/water from filtrate into peritubular fluid, some secretion
distal convoluted tubule
tubule *active* secrete of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
distal convoluted tubule
*selective* reabsorption of Na, Ca, Cl, and water
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
the macula densa is located in this structure
Glomerulus and bowman's capsule
nephron structures in the renal corpuscle
Macula densa
region of the DCT, contains taller epithelial cells
Afferent
juxtaglomerular cells with modified smooth muscle cells is located in this arteriole
Renin and Erythropoietin
what does the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete? (2)
capillaries
the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole can constrict what structure?
smooth muscles
the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole contain what cell type
Juxtameduallary
long nephrons
Cortical
short nephrons 85%
Descending (thin)
Loop of Henle region contains squamous ET and water absorption
Ascending (thick)
Loop of Henle region contains simple cuboidal pumping Na and Cl
Tubular System
reabsorbs nutrient
reabsorbs 90% of filtrate water
secretes waste product into lumen
Proximal Convoluted tubule
tubular
simple cuboidal with microvilli
Distal Convoluted tubule
tubular
simple cuboidal NO microvilli
PCT
reabsorbs nutrients, ions, water from filtrate into peritubular fluid (everything)
some secretion
DCT
active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Reabsorption of Na, Ca, Cl