Chapter 08: Vertebral Column C-Spine Flashcards

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The first cervical vertebra is called the:

a. axis.

b. atlas.

c. dens.

d. vertebra prominens

The vertebra prominens is the name given to the _____ vertebra.

a. first cervical

b. second cervical

c. seventh cervical

d. first thoracic

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:

a. transverse foramen.

b. vertebral foramina.

c. intervertebral foramina.

d. inferior vertebral notch

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:

a. laterally.

b. 45 degrees anteriorly.

c. 70 degrees anteriorly.

d. 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly.

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?

a. AP

b. Lateral

c. AP oblique

d. PA oblique

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the “open mouth” AP projection of the atlas and axis?

a. To the “Adam’s apple”

b. First cervical vertebra

c. Second cervical vertebra

d. Fourth cervical vertebr

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate “ah” during the exposure?

a. Lateral cervical vertebrae

b. AP “open mouth” atlas and axis

c. AP dens, Fuchs method

d. AP axial cervical spine

Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae?

a. Glabellomeatal line

b. Orbitomeatal line

c. Acanthiomeatal line

d. The occlusal plane

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

The central-ray angle for an AP axial of cervical vertebrae is:

a. 10 degrees cephalad.

b. 20 degrees cephalad.

c. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad.

d. variable, depending on the body habitus

How are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical spine (Grandy method)?

a. Affixed to the elbows

b. Affixed to the wrists

c. Held in the hands

d. Held by the fingers

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral cervical spine?

a. Third cervical vertebra

b. Fourth cervical vertebra

c. Fifth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

What is the recommended SID for the lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)?

a. 40 inches

b. 48 inches

c. 40 to 55 inches

d. 60 to 72 inches

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:

a. full expiration.

b. full inspiration.

c. suspended respiration.

d. softly phonate “ah” during the exposure.

The Grandy method is a(n):

a. lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae.

b. lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region.

c. AP/PA thoracolumbar spine.

d. lateral thoracolumbar spine

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine is:

a. shallow breathing.

b. suspended respiration.

c. full expiration.

d. full inspiration

Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?

1. Lateral

2. Lateral in hyperflexion

3. Lateral in hyperextension

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?

1. AP axial

2. AP axial oblique

3. PA axial oblique

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. 45 degrees

b. 60 degrees

c. 70 degrees

d. 40 to 60 degrees

What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. 15 degrees cephalad

b. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

c. 15 to 20 degrees caudad

d. Perpendicular

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

a. Those farthest from the IR

b. Those closest to the IR

c. Both sides equally demonstrated

d. The inferior six closest to the IR

Where is the central ray directed for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

a. 40 inches

b. 48 inches

c. 54 inches

d. 60 to 72 inches

How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. 30 degrees

b. 45 degrees

c. 50 degrees

d. 60 degrees

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. Second cervical vertebra

b. Third cervical vertebra

c. Fourth cervical vertebra

d. Seventh cervical vertebra

What is the central-ray angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?

a. 45 degrees cephalad

b. 45 degrees caudad

c. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

d. 15 to 20 degrees caudad

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?

a. Those closest to the IR

b. Those farthest from the IR

c. Both sides are equally demonstrated

d. The inferior side farthest from the IR

The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is:

a. shallow breathing.

b. suspended respiration.

c. full inspiration.

d. full expiration.

Which of the following methods uses a chewing motion of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection?

a. Ottonello

b. Grandy

c. Twining

d. Fuchs

Which projection is recommended to demonstrate the cervical vertebral arches or pillars when the patient cannot hyperextend the neck?

a. AP axial

b. PA axial

c. AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation

d. Lateral projection, dorsal decubitus position

What is the central-ray angulation for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine on a trauma patient?

a. 15 to 20 degrees caudad

b. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

c. 30 to 40 degrees caudad

d. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad

Where does the central ray exit for the AP axial oblique projection to demonstrate the cervical spine pillars and laminae?

a. C4

b. C5

c. C7

d. T2

The swimmer’s technique lateral projection is performed to demonstrate the:

a. cervical vertebrae.

b. thoracic vertebrae.

c. atlas and axis.

d. cervicothoracic vertebrae

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?

a. Cervical

b. Thoracic

c. Lumbar

d. Sacral

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:

1. dens.

2. facets.

3. spinal cord.

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The second cervical vertebra is called the:

a. dens.

b. atlas.

c. axis.

d. vertebra prominens.

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?

a. One

b. Two

c. Three

d. Four

The superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical spine form thick columns called the:

a. facets.

b. laminae.

c. pedicles.

d. articular pillars