Chapter 08: Vertebral Column L-Spine Flashcards

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed:

a. lordosis.

b. kyphosis.

c. scoliosis.

d. scoliokyphosis.

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane?

a. 45

b. 15 to 20

c. 30 to 50

d. 70 to 75

The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane?

a. 90

b. 15 to 20

c. 30 to 50

d. 70 to 75

The condition of the lumbar spine in which there is anterior displacement of one vertebra over another is termed:

a. scoliosis.

b. spondylolysis.

c. spondylolisthesis.

d. scoliokyphosis

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection?

1. Flex the hips.

2. Flex the knees.

3. Flex the elbows.

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The phase of respiration for an AP projection of the lumbar spine is:

a. suspended respiration.

b. deep inspiration.

c. deep expiration.

d. shallow breathing

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral lumbar spine?

a. Horizontal plane

b. Midcoronal plane

c. Midsagittal plane

d. Transverse plan

Which of the following devices might be used to improve image quality on a lateral projection of the lumbar spine?

1. Close collimation

2. 48-inch SID

3. Sheet of leaded rubber

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Where is the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm)–IR centered for a lateral lumbar spine?

a. L2

b. L3

c. The ASIS

d. The iliac crests

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:

a. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, cephalad.

b. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad.

c. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, cephalad.

d. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, caudad

Which of the following will prevent the AEC detector from prematurely terminating the exposure during a lateral lumbar spine?

a. Using a 10 × 12 inch (24 × 30 cm) IR

b. Using a 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR

c. Collimating 2 inches at each end of the IR

d. Placing a sheet of lead rubber on the table behind the patient

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral lumbosacral spine when a 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR is used?

a. L2

b. L3

c. The ASIS

d. The iliac crests

Which of the following describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection?

a. 2 inches posterior to the ASIS

b. 3 inches posterior to the ASIS

c. 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest

d. 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches below the iliac crest

When the spine cannot be placed in a true horizontal position for the L5-S1 lateral projection, the central ray must be angled:

a. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad.

b. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, cephalad.

c. 10 degrees men, 12 degrees women, caudad.

d. 10 degrees men, 12 degrees women, cephalad

An alternate method of positioning the central ray for the L5-S1 lateral projection is:

a. parallel with the interiliac line.

b. perpendicular to the interiliac line.

c. parallel with the midsagittal plane.

d. perpendicular to the midcoronal plane.

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?

a. AP

b. Lateral

c. AP oblique

d. PA oblique

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, MSP of the patient is rotated _____ degrees.

a. 30

b. 45

c. 50

d. 55

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?

a. Joints farthest from the IR

b. Joints closest to the IR

c. Both joints equally demonstrated

d. The L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR

Where is the longitudinal plane of the lumbar spine positioned for the AP oblique projection?

a. 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS

b. 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS

c. 2 inches medial to the lower ASIS

d. 2 inches lateral to the lower ASIS

The respiration phase for the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine is:

a. inspiration.

b. expiration.

c. suspended respiration.

d. shallow breathing

What is the central-ray centering point for an AP oblique lumbar spine?

a. At MSP at the level of the ASIS

b. 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS at the level of the iliac crest

c. 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS and 1 to 11 2 inch above the iliac crest

d. 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a “Scottie dog”?

1. Lateral

2. AP oblique

3. PA oblique

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction?

a. 25 degrees cephalad

b. 30 to 35 degrees cephalad

c. 35 to 45 degrees cephalad

d. 40 to 50 degrees cephalad

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction?

a. Extended

b. Flexed

c. Externally rotated

d. Internally rotated

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction?

a. At the pubic symphysis

b. 11 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

c. 3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

d. At the level of the ASISs

Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography?

a. Pawlow

b. Ferguson

c. Twining

d. Lindblom

To reduce distortion of the intervertebral joint spaces of the lumbar spine for an AP projection, an SID of _____ inches is suggested.

a. 36

b. 40

c. 48

d. 72

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed _____ inches above the iliac crests.

a. 1 1/2

b. 2

c. 3

d. 2 to 3