labs and meds summary for musculoskeletal and renal
80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritits have a positive......
rheumatoid factor
shows there is an inflammation present in the body but not specific as to where....
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)
- used to eliminate treatment response
positive when autoimmune process is in the body..... what is it used for?
antinuclear antibody (ANA). it is used for RA and lupus
anti-DNA antibodies and antiphospholipid antibody is more specific to what condition?
lupus. positive for antiphospholipid increase the risk for developing clots
anticentrome antibody is specific for....
scleroderma
why would hematocrit be low in a kidney dysfunction?
because the kidneys make erythropoeitin, which is a hormone that stimulates production of RBCs
uric acid is high in..... glucose can increase if patient is on what medication?
gout. corticosteroids
sodium levels could be low after what surgery?
TURP, done for BPH
what is treatment for a high potassium
regular insulin IV + glucose to prevent hypoglycemia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate - PO or enema, hemodialysis
metabolic acidosis in kidney dysfunction
low pH, low HCO3
what antibody is more specific to RA?
anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)
methotrexate is an immunosuppresant given to control what disease? what labs should you monitor and why? when should a patient not take this medication and what should a patient do while on this medication
it's taken to control RA and lupus. it keeps the immune system from making autoantibodies. you should monitor their WBC for signs of bone marrow suppression and also their liver function for signs of hepatotoxicity. watch for signs of infection. do not take if chance of becoming pregnant.
what is prednisione taken for?
for RA, gout, and lupus to decrease inflammation
atanercept and adalimumab blocks______, which is responsible for inflammation. given as _____ once a week, every ______ weeks or less often. they lower______. puts you at high risk for_______. watch for signs of______ or ____ monitor_______
- tumor necrosis factor
- subcutaneous injection
- 2 weeks
- immune system
- infection or immunosuppresion
- WBC
colchicine and allopurinol are used for what disease? to lower what?
gout, to lower uric acid levels
hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug, which can also be used to treat.......
lupus
what medications are used to treat fibromyalgia
pregabalin, milnacipran, and SSRIs (antidepressant that helps with pain)
alendronate is a bisphosphanate for____? how many time is it given? what teaching is necessary? what is the MOA?
- osteoporosis, given once a week.
- take with full glass of water 30 minutes before eating or other medications.
- inhibits bone resorption and keeps calcium in bones
medication for UTI_____
what patient teaching is necessary for this drug
- trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
- finish all antibiotics, do not stop taking if symptoms improve
amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant for what condition? what does it do?
interstitial cystitis. it is used to reduce burning pain and urinary frequency
finasteride is used to treat what? how long would it take to show effectiveness? what labs should you monitor?
- used to treat BPH, it helps reduce prostate size
- it may take 6 months to show effectiveness
- monitor PSA levels
tamsulosin is an alpha adrenergic receptor blocker for? what is the MOA? how long does it take to see improvement
BPH, it relaxes the smooth muscle of prostate to improve urinary symptoms. you usually see improvement in 2-3 weeks
what medication excretes potassium through diarrhea?
sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) PO or enema
epoetin alfa is used for replacement of what enzyme
erythropoietin, given subcutaneously
calcium supplement treats....
low calcium levels that occur with kidney disease
phosphate binders are used to treat______what does it bind to? when should it be given
to treat high phosphorus. it binds phosphorus in the gut to be excreted in stool, it must be given with meals