A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.
A. True
B. False
A
A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.
A. True
B.False
A
A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.
A. True
B. False
B
A situation where the bones are connected exclusively by ligaments, cords, or bands of fibrous tissue is a ________.
A. syndesmosis
B. gomphosis
C. synchondrosis
D. suture
A
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
A. True
B. False
B
All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability EXCEPT ________.
A. structure and shape of the articulating bone
B. arrangement and tension of the muscles
C. strength and tension of joint ligaments
D. number of bones in the joint
D
An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.
A. between the humerus and the glenoid cavity
B. the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends
C. the radius and ulna along its length
D.between the vertebrae
C
An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"
A. The joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal.
B. Greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it.
C. Articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage.
D. The additional joint present doubles the range of motion.
A
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
A. attach tendons
B. form the synovial membrane
C. produce
red blood cells (hemopoiesis)
D. provide a smooth surface at the
ends of synovial joints
D
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
A. synarthroses
B. diarthroses
C. synovial joints
D. amphiarthroses
D
Baseball pitchers often require "Tommy John" surgery to repair damage to their elbow. Which ligament would this surgery target?
A. anular ligament
B. acetabular labrum
C. ulnar collateral ligament
D. lateral ligament
C
Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
A. True
B. False
A
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
A. extension
B. hyperextension
C. flexion
D. circumduction
B
Bowing to your opponent before a jiu jitsu match would be considered a ________ movement.
A. hyperextension
B. circumduction
C. extension
D. flexion
D
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
A. common due to the weight bearing the hip endures
B. common in all people who are overweight
C. rare because of the ligament reinforcement
D. rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
C
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.
A. bursae
B. tendons
C. menisci
D. Ligaments
A
Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.
A. True
B. False
B
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.
A. the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly
B. cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together
C. fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
D. the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
C
Fibrous joints are classified as ________.
A. hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
B. sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
C. symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular
D. pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
B
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is (are) damaged as a result?
A. suprapatellar ligament
B. arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate ligaments
C. tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
D. oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments
C
Gliding movements occur when one flat, or nearly flat, bone surface glides or slips over another.
A. True
B. False
A
Hinge joints permit movement in only one plane.
A. True
B. False
A
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
A. tendon sheaths
B. hyaline cartilage
C. fibrocartilage
D. synovial membranes
B
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
A. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
B. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
C. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
D. All synovial joints are freely movable.
D
Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?
A. diarthrotic
B. pivot c
C. artilaginous
D. biaxial
A
Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of
motion as at the shoulder joint.
A. True
B. False
A
Movement of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
A. True
B. False
A
Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.
A. True
B. False
A
Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.
A. protraction
B. adduction
C. pronation
D. retraction
A
On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?
A. pivot
B. symphysis
C. synchondrosis
D. syndesmosis
D
Performing "jumping jacks" requires ________.
A. pronation and supination
B. flexion and extension
C. inversion and eversion
D. abduction and adduction
D
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
A. protraction
B. circumduction
C. pronation
D. plantar flexion
D
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
A. synchondrosis
B. hinge joint
C. symphysis
D. suture
B
Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.
A. True
B. False
B
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.
A. carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges
B. metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger
C. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
D. interphalangeal joint of the finger
C
Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.
A. True
B. False
A
Symphyses are synarthrotic joints designed for strength with flexibility.
A. True
B. False
B
Synarthrotic joints ________.
A. are immovable joints
B. characterize all cartilaginous joints
C. are found only in adults
D. have large joint cavities
A
Synchondroses and symphyses are examples of ________ joints.
A. synovial
B. periodontal
C. fibrous
D. cartilaginous
D
Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.
A. True
B. False
A
Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from
A. True
B. False
A
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?
A. It contains hydrochloric acid.
B. It contains enzymes only.
C. It contains hyaluronic acid.
D. It contains lactic acid.
C
Tendon sheaths ________.
A. help anchor the tendon to the
muscle
B. are extensions of periosteum
C. act as
friction-reducing structures
D. are lined with dense irregular
connective tissue
C
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of that joint.
A. True
B. False
A
The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
A. True
B. False
A
The cruciate ligaments of the knee _
A. prevent hyperextension of the knee
B. attach to each other in their
C. midportions are also called collateral ligaments
D. tend to run parallel to one another
A
The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
A. True
B. False
A
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.
A. uniaxial
B. biaxial
C. nonaxial
D. multiaxial
D
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
A. patellar ligaments
B. cruciate ligaments
C. tibial collateral ligaments
D. anterior ligaments
B
The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.
A. True
B. False
A
The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
A. True
B. False
A
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.
A. hands
B. feet
C. arms
D. hands and the feet
B
The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.
A. saddle
B. condylar
C. plane
D. hinge
A
The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
A. True
B. False
B
What are menisci (articular discs)?
A. tendon sheaths
B. small sacs containing synovial fluid
C. cavities lined with cartilage
D. wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
D
What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?
A. abduction
B. extension
C. adduction
D. flexion
A
Which joint does NOT belong with the others?
A. interphalangeal (toes)
B. ankle
C. elboW
D. wrist
D
Which joints are correctly matched?
A. elbow; pivot
B. ankle; hinge
C. interphalangeal; plane
D. wrist; saddle
B
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
A. the patellar ligament
B. the extracapsular ligament
C. the lateral patellar retinacula
D. the medial patellar retinacula
A
Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
A. synchondroses
B. gomphoses
C. sutures
D. syndesmoses
A
Which of the following conditions is joint inflammation or degeneration accompanied by stiffness, pain, and swelling?
A. arthritis
B. Lyme disease
C. osteoarthritis
D. rheumatoid arthritis
A
Which of the following is NOT strictly a part of a synovial joint?
A. joint (articular) cavity
B. articular (joint) capsule
C. tendon sheath
D. articular cartilage
C
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?
A. Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal
joints.
B. Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.
C. Gliding movements are multiaxial.
D. An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
A
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The annular
ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
B. The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
C. The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
D. The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
A
Which of the following movements does NOT increase or decrease the angle between bones?
A.abduction
B. extension
C. circumduction
D. rotation
D
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?
A. They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
B. interphalangeal joints
C. cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
D. amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility
E. joints that permit angular movements
C