Medical Terminology- ch. 10a
articulation
place of union between two or more bones; aka joints
hematopoiesis
production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
ligaments
connective tissue that surrounds the joints capsule to bind bones to other bones
tendons
connective tissue that binds muscle to bone on either side of a joint
abduction
moves away from the midline
adduction
moves closer to the midline
flexion
decreases the angle of a joint
extention
increases the angle of a joint
rotation
moves a one around its own axis
pronation
turns the palm downward
supination
turns the palm upward
inversion
moves the sole of the foot inward
eversion
moves the sole of the foot outward
dorsiflexion
elevates (lifts) the foot
plantar flexion
lowers the foot (points the toes)
short bones
somewhat cube shaped bones
-ex: carpals and tarsals
irregular bones
complex shapes which cannot be classified as long or short
-ex: vertebrae, middle ear bones
flat bones
flat bones with surface area for muscle attachment
-ex: skull, scapula, sternum
long bones
found in the extremities of the body, with regular defined shapes
-ex: humerus, femur, tibia, radius, ulna
long bone
(1) diaphysis
the shaft (long main portion) of a long bone
-made of compact bone surrounding the "medullary cavity"
- medullary cavity filled with (yellow) bone marrow
long bone
(2) epiphysis
the ends of a long bone
-have a bulbous shape
periosteum
dense fibrous membrane which covers bone surface
spongy bone
less dense bone filled with red bone marrow
osteoblasts
bone FORMING cells
osteoclasts
bone BREAKDOWN cells
trochanter
large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur
-ex: greater trochanter of the femur
tubercle
small rounded process
-ex: tubercle of femur
tuberosity
large rounded process
-ex: tuberosity of the humerus
condyle
rounded, articulating knob
-ex: condyle of humerus
head
prominent, rounded, articulating end of a bone
-ex: head of femur
foramen
rounded opening through a bone to accomodate blood vessels and nerves
-ex: foramen of the skull, where cranial nerves pass
fissure
narrow, slit-like opening
-ex:fissure of the sphenoid bone
meatus
opening or passage into a bone
-ex: external auditory meatus of the temporal bone
sinus
cavity or hollow space in a bone
-ex: cavity of the frontal sinus containing a duct that carries secretions to the upper part of the nasal cavity
axial skeleton
skull, ribcage, and vertebral column
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower limbs and their girdles