Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:
A)a dissociative identity disorder.
B)a generalized anxiety disorder.
C)an antisocial personality disorder.
D)a mood disorder.
E)agoraphobia.
D)a mood disorder.
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)dissociative identity disorder.
E)dysthymic disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
Catatonia is characterized by:
A)periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
B)offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C)a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
D)hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
E)delusions of persecution.
A)periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:
A)the trait perspective.
B)the legal insanity defense.
C)the DSM-IV.
D)the medical model.
E)linkage analysis.
D)the medical model.
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:
A)compulsions.
B)catatonia.
C)delusions.
D)hallucinations.
E)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)delusions.
A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n):
A)bipolar disorder.
B)dissociative disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)antisocial personality disorder.
B)dissociative disorder.
Jeremy often misinterprets normal bodily sensations such as hunger pangs as symptoms of serious illnesses such as stomach cancer. His experience is most indicative of
A)Mania
B)Hypochondriasis
C)General anxiety disorder
B)Hypochondriasis
Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:
A)schizophrenia.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)Antisocial personality disorder
E)Antisocial personality disorder
Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):
A)phobia.
B)dissociative disorder.
C)dysthymic disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)generalized anxiety disorder.
E)generalized anxiety disorder.
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching the shoreline of any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.
A)psychoanalytic
B)biological
C)learning
D)humanistic
E)trait
C)learning
A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the
A)A medical model
B)Biopsychosocial approach
C)DID
D)DMS-IV-TR
D)DMS-IV-TR
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A)Hallucinations
B)Delusions
C)Inappropriate rage
D)Social withdrawl
D)Social withdrawl
The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.
A)glutamate receptors
B)viral infections
C)oxygen deprivation
D)learned helplessness
B)viral infections
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:
A)a dissociative disorder.
B)a manic episode.
C)schizophrenia.
D)dysthymic disorder.
E)antisocial personality disorder.
B)a manic episode.
Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:
A)hallucinations.
B)depression.
C)agoraphobia.
D)dissociative disorders.
E)generalized anxiety disorder.
A)hallucinations.
People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:
A)the DSMIV.
B)the medical model.
C)linkage analysis.
D)the legal insanity defense.
E)a bio-psycho-social perspective.
E)a bio-psycho-social perspective.
The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of: a) dissociative identity disorder.
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)dysthymic disorder.
C)a manic episode.
D)agoraphobia.
D)agoraphobia.
The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to:
A)learned helplessness.
B)unresolved childhood anger.
C)external attributions for failure.
D)disruptions in conscious awareness.
E)a lack of guilt feelings.
A)learned helplessness.
Janette, a 30-year-old teacher, regularly loses her temper and experiences tension and fatigue. Her behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as psychologically disordered if it is:
A)personally disabling and a cause of suffering.
B)a reaction to the stresses of her career.
C)not caused by a biological impairment.
D)a symptom of her own unconscious conflicts.
E)indicative of a lifelong personality style.
A)personally disabling and a cause of suffering.
If researchers discovered that genetically influenced abnormalities in brain structure contribute to bipolar disorder, this would most clearly add credibility to:
A)the DSM-IV.
B)the medical model.
C)the social-cognitive perspective.
D)psychoanalytic theory.
E)the humanistic perspective.
B)the medical model.
After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as “a passive type” and “frightened of his own impulses.” This study best illustrated the:
A)value of a psychoanalytic perspective.
B)dangers of dissociative identity disorder.
C)unreliability of the DSM-IV.
D)biasing power of
E)diagnostic labels.
F)shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective.
D)biasing power of
Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of:
A)bipolar disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)dysthymic disorder.
D)catatonia.
E)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
23. Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):
A)obsessivecompulsive disorder.
B)mood disorder.
C)phobia.
D)dissociative disorder.
E)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)phobia.
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of:
A)a panic disorder.
B)an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)a generalized anxiety disorder.
D)a dissociative disorder.
E)a histrionic personality disorder.
B)an obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by:
A)a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state of emotion.
B)a continuous state of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal.
C)alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
D)a persistent irrational fear of other people.
E)a persistently sad mood and low energy level.
E)a persistently sad mood and low energy level.
Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:
A)an obsessive compulsive disorder.
B)a dysthymic disorder.
C)an antisocial personality disorder.
D)a manic episode.
E)a panic attack.
D)a manic episode.
Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a:
A)DSM-IV diagnosis.
B)psychoanalytic perspective.
C)medical model.
D)social-cognitive perspective.
D)social-cognitive perspective.
Which of the following disorders is associated with a high level of hypnotizability?
A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)schizophrenia
C)dysthymic disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder
E)dissociative identity disorder
E)dissociative identity disorder
Which perspective suggests that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses?
A)psychoanalytic
B)social-cognitive
C)humanistic
D)bio-social-psychological
A)psychoanalytic
Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from:
A)agoraphobia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)a panic disorder.
E)a dissociative identity disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing:
A)a panic attack.
B)catatonia.
C)flat affect.
D)hallucinations.
E)a dissociative disorder.
D)hallucinations.
Drugs that block ________ receptors are most likely to reduce the _______ symptoms of schizophrenia.
A)serotonin; positive
B)serotonin; negative
C)dopamine; positive
D)dopamine; negative
C)dopamine; positive
Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of:
A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)paranoid schizophrenia.
E)agoraphobia.
A)antisocial personality disorder.
A rape victim may experience a panic attack when she sees anyone wearing a ski mask like the one worn by her attacker. This reaction is best explained from a ________ perspective.
A)trait
B)psychoanalytic
C)learning
D)biological
E)humanistic
C)learning
Hallucinations and delusions are most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from:
A)dissociative identity disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
C)major depressive disorder.
D)agoraphobia.
E)borderline personality disorder.
B)schizophrenia.
Norby, an 18-year-old college freshman, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Norby is most likely suffering from:
A)major depressive disorder.
B)an antisocial personality disorder.
C)a dissociative disorder.
D)agoraphobia.
E)panic disorder.
A)major depressive disorder.
A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who have a(n) ________ disorder.
A)dissociative
B)antisocial personality
C)dysthymic
D)panic
E)obsessive-compulsive
B)antisocial personality
The hallucinations experienced by those who suffer from schizophrenia are most likely to involve ________ things that are not there.
A)seeing
B)feeling
C)hearing
D)tasting
E)smelling
C)hearing
Manic episodes are most likely to be associated with a(n):
A)panic attack.
B)phobia.
C)bipolar disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.
E)antisocial personality disorder.
C)bipolar disorder.
Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to schizophrenia.
A)the internalization of anger
B)depressed serotonin levels
C)a pessimistic explanatory style
D)conscious role playing
E)prenatal viral infections
E)prenatal viral infections
North Americans born during the winter months are at a slightly increased risk for:
A)depression.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)schizophrenia.
E)antisocial personality disorder.
D)schizophrenia.
The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of:
A)anxiety and depression.
B)social circumstances.
C)personality disorders.
D)the DSM-IV.
E)genetic abnormalities.
B)social circumstances.
A shrinkage of cerebral tissue is most likely to be associated with:
A)dissociative disorders.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)post-traumatic stress disorder.
D)dysthymic disorder.
E)schizophrenia.
E)schizophrenia.
Compulsions are best described as:
A)persistent fears.
B)repetitive behaviors.
C)illusory sensations.
D)suicidal thoughts.
E)false beliefs.
B)repetitive behaviors.
Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristic of a(n):
A)manic episode.
B)panic disorder.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)dysthymic disorder.
E)dissociative disorder.
B)panic disorder.
Chronically lonely people are most likely to suffer from:
A)unconscious hostility.
B)delusions of persecution.
C)a negative explanatory style.
D)an antisocial personality disorder.
C)a negative explanatory style.
Suicide rates are ________ among the rich than the poor, and they are ________ among younger men than older men.
A)higher; higher
B)lower; lower
C)higher; lower
D)lower; higher
C)higher; lower
Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed in front of other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from a(n):
A)dissociative disorder.
B)dysthymic disorder.
C)antisocial personality disorder.
D)phobia.
E)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)phobia.
Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of:
A)a dissociative disorder.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)dysthymic disorder.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E)bipolar disorder.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
Tobacco dependence has been classified as a behavioral disorder largely because it is:
A)statistically infrequent.
B)personally maladaptive.
C)socially unacceptable.
D)ethically unjustifiable.
E)biologically motivated.
B)personally maladaptive.
A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.
A)biological
B)humanistic
C)psychoanalytic
D)learning
E)trait
D)learning
Failures are most likely to lead to depression if they are explained in terms that are:
A)internal, unstable, and specific.
B)external, unstable, and global.
C)internal, stable, and global.
D)external, stable, and specific.
C)internal, stable, and global.
People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from ________ schizophrenia.
A)acute; reactive
B)process; chronic
C)chronic; acute
D)reactive; process
D)reactive; process