Ch4: Tissues
__________________ covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and forms glands.
Epithelial Tissue
___________________ fills internal spaces, supports other tissues, transports materials, and stores energy.
Connective Tissue
________________ specialized for contraction.
Skeletal muscle,
heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs
Muscle Tissue
_______________ carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another.
Neural Tissue
Functions of __________________ are to provide physical Protection; Control Permeability; Provide Sensation; Produce Specialized Secretions (glandular epithelium)
epithelial tissue
Squamous epithelia are _____________________.
thin and flat
Cuboidal epithelia are _________________.
square shaped
Columnar epithelia are _____________________.
tall, slender rectangles
____________ is a type of Squamous Epithelia that lines the body cavities.
Mesothelium
Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the ____________________.
heart and blood vessels
________________ lines heart and blood vessels
Endothelium
Reduces friction; controls vessel permeability; performs absorption and secretion are functions of the ________________________.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium are located in ____________________.
Skin, hair, nails
Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium is located ________________________.
lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum,
anus, and vagina
Provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens,
and
chemical attack are functions of the ___________________________.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Limited protection, Secretion and absorption are functions of _____________________ which are located in Glands; ducts; portions of kidney tubules; thyroid gland
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Protection, secretion, absorption are functions of the _______________________ which are located in sweat ducts and mammary ducts.
Stratified cuboidal epithelia
Portion of the kidney tubules has ________________________.
simple cuboidal epithelium
Lining of the stomach has ______________________.
simple columnar epithelium
The _______________ has stratified squamous epithelium.
esophagus
The _________________ has transitional epithelium.
urinary bladder
The lining the trachea has _________________________.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
___________________ has simple squamous epithelium.
alveoli of lungs
____________________ tolerates repeated cycles of stretching and recoiling and returns to its previous shape without damage.
Transitional Epithelium
Absorption and secretion are functions of _____________________ which are located lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, and collecting ducts of kidneys. Has Microvilli
Simple columnar epithelium
Cilia movement are functions of _______________________ which are located in the lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi; portions of male reproductive tract
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Protection is the function of ________________ which is located in small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra.
Stratified columnar epithelium
_________________ release hormones into interstitial fluid and have No ducts.
Endocrine glands
_______________ produce secretions onto epithelial
surfaces
through ducts.
Exocrine glands
Modes of glandular secretion are ___________________________________.
Merocrine secretion
Apocrine secretion
Holocrine secretion
_______________ is produced in Golgi apparatus and
released by
vesicles (exocytosis).
For example, sweat glands and salivary glands
Merocrine Secretion
___________________ is produced in Golgi apparatus and released by
shedding cytoplasm.
For example, mammary glands
Apocrine Secretion
___________________ is released by cells bursting, killing gland
cells and gland cells are replaced by stem cells.
For example,
sebaceous (oil) glands
Holocrine Secretion
Merocrine sweat glands are an example of __________________.
SIMPLE COILED TUBULAR
_________________ between two plasma membranes, adhesion belt attaches to terminal web and prevents passage of water and solutes. Isolates wastes in the lumen. Also in urinary bladder, stomach, and brain
Tight Junctions
____________ allow rapid communication, are held together by channel proteins (junctional proteins, connexons), allow ions to pass and coordinate contractions in heart muscle
Gap Junctions
________________ permit the free diffusion of ions and small molecules between two cells
Gap Junctions
A spot ________________ ties adjacent cells together.
desmosome
________________ CAMs, dense areas, and intercellular cement;
Spot desmosomes tie cells together and allow bending and twisting
Desmosomes
______________ attach cells to the basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
Which type of epithelium is found where mechanical and chemical stresses are common?
stratified squamous
Fills internal spaces, Supports other tissues, Transports materials, Stores energy are functions of ____________________.
Connective Tissue
__________________ connects and protects
Connective tissue proper
__________________________ transports
Fluid connective tissues
___________________________ have structural strength
Supporting connective tissues
What are the two categories of Connective Tissue Proper?
Loose and Dense
________________________ offer more ground substance, fewer fibers
Loose connective tissue
Fat (adipose tissue) is an example of _____________ connective tissue
loose
___________________ have more fibers, less ground substance
Dense connective tissue
Tendons are example of ______________ connective tissue
dense
________________ are the most abundant cell type
Fibroblasts
_________________ are found in all connective tissue proper
Fibroblasts
__________________ secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
Fibroblasts
____________ are the second most abundant cell type
Found in all
connective tissue proper
Fibrocytes
________________ maintain the fibers of connective tissue proper
Fibrocytes
________________ are Fat cells
Adipocytes
______________________ are stem cells that respond to injury or infection and differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.
Mesenchymal Cells
___________________ are large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system- Eat pathogens and damaged cells
Macrophages
________________ stimulate inflammation after injury or infection;
Release histamine and heparin
Mast Cells
_______________ are leukocytes (white blood cells) that also contain histamine and heparin
Basophils
____________________ specialized immune cells in lymphatic (lymphoid) system
Lymphocytes
______________________ are phagocytic blood cells that respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells
Microphages
Neutrophils and eosinophils are examples of __________________.
Microphages
________________ synthesize and store the brown pigment (melanin)
Melanocytes
Collagen fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers are _____________________.
Connective Tissue Fibers
_____________________:
Most common fibers in connective tissue
proper
Long, straight, and unbranched
Strong and
flexible
Resist force in one direction
For example, tendons
and ligaments
Collagen Fibers
______________________:
- Network of interwoven fibers (stroma)
- Strong and flexible
- Resist force in many directions
- Stabilize functional cells (parenchyma) and structures
- For example, sheaths around organs
Reticular Fibers
_________________:
- Contain elastin
- Branched and wavy
- Return to original length after stretching
- For example, elastic ligaments of vertebrae
Elastic Fibers
_______________________ is clear, colorless, and viscous that fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement
Ground Substance
_____________ connect one bone to another bone
Ligaments
Tendons are cords of dense regular connective tissue that __________.
attach skeletal muscles to bones
What are the three major subdivisions of the extracellular fluid in the body?
plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph
___________________ always have a free surface exposed to the environment or to some internal chamber or passageway.
Epithelial tissues
_____________________ line cavities that communicate with the exterior.
Mucous membranes
cutaneous membrane is __________.
thick, relatively waterproof, and usually dry
What are two factors that distinguish synovial epithelium from other types of epithelia?
There is no basal lamina, and small spaces exist between adjacent cells.
Which of the following is a layer of areolar tissue and fat that separates the skin from the underlying tissues and organs and is also known as the hypodermis?
superficial fascia