What you look through; magnifies object viewed; contains pointer
Ocular lens(10X)
Supports ocular; contains lenses, prisms and/or mirrors
Tube
Revolves; holds objective lenses
Nosepiece
Magnifies object viewed
Objective lenses
Magnifies 4X; for scanning
Scanning lense
Magnifies 10X
Low power objective lense
Magnifies 40X
High Power objective lense
Magnifies 100X
Oil immersion objective lense
Calipers hold slide; slide moved by knobs (slide adjustment knobs)
Slide holder assembly
Platform; holds slide containing object to be viewed
Stage
Raises or lowers stage for coarsely focusing the object
Coarse adjustment knob
Brings object into sharp focus
Fine adjustment knob
Connects tube to base; vertical support; you use it to grasp and lift.
Arm
Bottom, flat surface support; you use it to support the microscope.
Base
Light source; built into base
Illuminator
Connect/disconnect to the electrical outlet by the plug not cord
Power Cord
Lenses that concentrate light to a stage; height adjustment by ring or knob
Condenser
Regulates stage opening diameter, thus the brightness of light passing through specimen; contrast with reduced light
Iris diapharagm
Ocular magnification X Objective magnification =
Total magnification
What kind of microscope will we use in class?
compound microscope
4 kinds of Objective lenses
Scanning, low power, high, power Oil immersion
What is this a picture of?
Amoeba Proteus
What is this a picture of?
Amoeba Proteus
What is this an image of?
Amoeba Proteus
Small barrel-shaped organelles oriented at right angles to each other. They are best known for generating, microtubules and organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division
Centriole
An organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing mitotic spindle forms
Centrosome
Semifluid matrix that contains the nucleus and other organelles
Cytoplasm
A group of flattened sacs arranged like a stack of bowls. They function to modify and package proteins and lipids into vesicles.
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles from a golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes. They break down food, cellular debris and foreign invaders such as bacteria
Lysosome(vesicle)
Tiny hair like folds in the plasma membrane that extend from the surface of many absorptive or secretory cells. They increase the plasma membrane surface
Microvilli
Generates most of the cells supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy
Mitochondrion
Double layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell that controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
Nuclear membrane
It's where ribosomes are produced. The function is composed of immature sections of the rRNA
Nucleolus
A fluid found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cell. It's primary function is to act as a suspension medium for organelles of the nucleus.
Nucleoplasm and chromatin
DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. It houses the genetic code, which in turn dictates protein synthesis. The control center for the cell
Nucleus
Movement of fluid and dissolved molecules into a cell by trapping them in a section of plasma membrane that pinches off to form an intracellular vesicle
Pinocytotic vesicle
Lipid bilyaer in which protein are embedded. The cells surface or outer limiting membrane
Plasma membrane
Small complexes of RNA and protein that are the sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Internal membranes studded with Ribosomes that carry out protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Secretion or ejection of substances from a cell. The substance is enclosed in a membranous vesicle, which fuses with the plasma membrane and ruptures, releasing the substance to the exterior
Exocytosis
Systems of internal membranes that aids in the manufacture of lipids, and detoxifies enzymes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Clear fluid sacs that act as storage areas for food, minerals and waste
Vacuole
An intricate complex of proteins which lines each pore, forming an aqueous transport channel and regulating entry and exit of molecules and large particles into and out of the nucleus
Nuclear pore
Flexible framework for the cell. Provides attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible The star shaped structure having raylike fibers surround the centrosome during mitosis.
Cytoskeletal proteins (asters)
What is #1 in this picture?
Plasma membrane
What is #2 in this picture?
Mitochondrion
What is #3 in this picture?
Cytoplasm
What is #4 in this picture?
Golgi Apparatus
What is #5 in this picture?
Lysosome(vesicle)
What is #6 in this picture?
Exocytosis
What is #7 in this picture?
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum(SER)
What is #8 in this picture?
Ribosomes
What is #9 in this picture?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
What is #10 in this picture?
Vacuole
What is #11 in this picture?
Nuclear membrane
What is #12 in this picture?
Nuclear pore
What is #13 in this picture?
Nucleoplasm and Chromatin
What is #14 in this picture?
Nucleolus
What is #15 in this picture?
Cytoskeletal proteins(asters)
What is #16 in this picture?
Centriole
Lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body. It is used for swimming.
Flagellum
Breaks though the outer membrane of the egg
Acrosome
Contains the genetic material
Nucleus
Generates most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate(ATP), used as a source of chemical energy
Mitochondrian
What parts make up a sperm cell?
Nucleus, flagellum, mitochondria and acrosome
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and preform a common or related function
Tissue
A sheet of cells that cover a body surface or lines a body cavity
Epithelial tissue or an epithelium
Spindle shape and contains one centrally located nucleus; its cells have no visible striations
smooth muscle cell
located mainly in the walls of hollow organs such as the heart or digestive tract
smooth muscle cell
It's function is to squeeze substances through hollow organs by alternately contracting and relaxing
smooth muscle cell
The central part of a neuron in a nerve cell
nerve cell body
projections from the nerve cell body are called ________?
nerve cell processes
How does the smooth muscle cell retain it's shape?
connective tissue
Hollow organs of the body (blood vessels, stomach, ureters) have _______ muscles making up their walls
smooth muscles
What is this a picture of?
nerve cell from a spinal cord
What is this a picture of?
Simple squamous
What is this a picture of?
smooth muscle cell
What is this a picture of?
nerve cell
Transportation of respiratory gases (O2 and CO2) is the function of _________
erythrocytes(red blood cell)
Protects our body from bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and tumor cells is the function of __________
Leukocytes(white blood cell)
What is this a picture of?
blood cell
what are the smaller pale pink or beige stained cells in this field
red blood cells(erythrocyte)
what are the larger dark colored cells in this field
white blood cells(leukocytes)
What is the function of cilia
Cilia and Flagella are hairlike organelles that branch out from the surface of the cell, where they help in the movement. It beats or moves stuff in one direction
What is at the end of this pointer?
Cilia
What are the arrows pointing to in this picture?
goblet cells
What do goblet cells do?
They produce mucin a complex glycoprotein that dissolves in water
What phase of mitosis is this?
Interphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
phrophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
metaphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
anaphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
telophase/cytokinesis
What phase of mitosis is this?
Interphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
prophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
metaphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
anaphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
telophase/cytokinesis
What phase of mitosis is this?
interphase
What phase of mitosis is this?
prophase
What phase of mitosis is this?
metaphase
What phase of mitosis
anaphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
telophase
What stage of mitosis is this?
cytokinesis
What stage of mitosis is this?
metaphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
anaphase
What stage of mitosis is this?
anaphase
Where is G1, S and G2 in cell division?
Interphase
What happens in G1 phase of Interphase?
Rapid growth and metabolic activity; centriole replication
What happens in the S phase on interphase?
Chromosome replication
What happens in G2 phase of interphase?
Growth and final preparations for cell division
Cells spend most of their time in what phase?
Interphase
Chromosomes duplicate in which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
The nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes spread out in the cell during what phase of mitosis?
Prophase
Chromosomes condense and become visible in the nucleus during what phase of mitosis?
Prophase
The mitotic spindle begins to form in what phase of mitosis?
Prophase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell on the equator line in what phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
Two identical sets of chromosomes migrate along the spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell in what phase of mitosis?
Anaphase
Chromosomes uncoil and again become indistinct in what Phase of mitosis?
Telophase
Nuclear membrane forms around each of the two sets of chromosomes clustered at opposite ends of the cell in what phase of mitosis?
Telophase
Cell division occurs, resulting in two daughter cells in what stage of mitosis?
Telophase
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Process of nuclear cell division; replace old cells
Which cells of the body constantly undergo mitosis?
epithelium, intestinal lining and blood cells
What cells in the body never undergo mitosis?
Neurons, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles
When does DNA replication occur?
S phase of interphase
Is interphase a phase of mitosis?
no
What is mitosis
Process of nuclear division in which chromosomes are distributed to 2 daughter nuclei.