What is the pathway of blood from the heart to the aorta?

right gets deoxygenated, left gets oxygenated

Which side of the heart gets oxygenated blood and which side gets deoxygenated?

left ventricle because it is discharging oxygenated blood into the circuit of the entire body

Which is the largest chamber of the heart and why?

Draw a flowchart for pathway of blood in veins

draw a flowchart for the pathway of blood in arteries

large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart.

What is the inferior vena cava?

obturator, inferior gluteal, and superior gluteal

Which three arteries are given off by the internal iliac artery?

femoral, deep femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular

The external iliac artery gives off which five arteries?

draw external iliac artery tree

passes deep to inguinal ligament and continues into thigh as femoral artery

What is the pathway of the external iliac artery?

travels deep to sartorius in anterior thigh. becomes popliteal artery after passing posterior through adductor hiatus

What is the pathway of the femoral artery?

non terminal branch of femoral artery. continues dorsilaterally from femoral artery. reflect sartorius to see it.

What is the pathway of the deep femoral artery?

passed behind the knee in the popliteal fossa, reaches the popliteus muscle, then divides into anterior and posterior tibial artery

What is the pathway of the popliteal artery?

dorsalis pedis artery. at the ankle.

What does the anterior tibial artery become? where?

the fibular artery. lateral plantar artery, and medial plantar artery

What does posterior tibial artery branch into?

same as the arteries they accompany

how are deep veins named?

femoral v

what does the greater saphenous vein drain into?

popliteal v

what does the lesser sapenous vein drain into?

the two common iliac veins

Which two veins join together to form the IVC?

lateral; medial

The lesser saphenous runs (medial/lateral) and the greater saphenous runs (medial/lateral)

medial thigh muscles

Which muscles are fed by the obturator artery?

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius,gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae

Which muscles are fed by superior gluteal artery?

Gluteus maximus, piriformis

Which muscles are fed by inferior gluteal artery?

anterior compartment of thigh

What does the femoral artery feed?

posterior thigh muscles

What does the deep femoral artery feed?

popliteus muscle

what does the popliteal artery feed

anterior compartment of the leg

What does the anterior tibial artery supply blood to

the dorsal surface of the foot

what does the dorsalis pedis supply?

posterior compartment of the leg

what does the posterior tibial artery supply

the lateral compartment of the leg

what does the fibular artery supply?

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis

what muscles does the medial plantar artery supply?

dorsal digital vein of great toe and dorsal venous arch of foot

what forms the great saphenous vein?

ascends anterior to medial malleolus

passes posterior to medial condyle of femur (about a hand's breadth posterior to the medial border of the patella)

transverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata

empties into the femoral vein

Describe the pathway of the great saphenous vein, especially where it begins and empties

dorsal digital vein of the fifth digit and dorsal venous arch

what forms the small saphenous vein?

arises on the lateral side of the foot

ascends posterior to lateral malleolus as a continuation of lateral marginal vein

passes along the lateral border of the calcaneal tendon

inclines to the midline of the fibula and penetrates the deep fascia

ascends between the heads of gastroc

empties into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

what is the pathway of the small saphenous vein

veins that connect the deep and superficial veins. blood can only flow from superficial to deep because of valves.

what are perforating veins?

O posterior division of internal iliac artery

C leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, superior to piriformis

D gluteal muscles and tensor fascia latae

origin, course and distribution of superior gluteal artery

O anterior division of internal iliac artery

C leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis

D piriformis, coccygeus, levator ani, and gluteal muscles

origin course and distribution of inferior gluteal artery

O common iliac artery

C follows the iliopsoas muscle. becomes the femoral artery at the inguinal ligament. gives rise to inferior epigastric a and deep iliac circumflex a.

origin and course of external iliac artery

continuation of popliteal vein proximal to adductor hiatus

fed by profunda femoris vein and great saphenous vein

becomes the external iliac vein after passing posterior to inguinal ligament

in adductor canal, lies posterlaterally and posterior to the femoral artery

course of femoral vein

continuation of external iliac artery distal to inguinal ligament

lateral to femoral vein in femoral triangle

descends on borders of iliopsoas and pectineus

enters adductor canal deep to sartorius

exits adductor canal passing through addcutor hiatus and becomes popliteal artery

origin and course of femoral artery

arises from femoral artery in femoral triangle. in middle third of thigh is separated from femoral artery by adductor longus. gives off three or four perforating arteries that wrap around posterior femur and feed adductor magnus, hamstring, and vastus lateralis muscles

origin and course of deep femoral artery

can arise from deep femoral artery or femoral artery. encircles the thigh and anastosomes with the medial circumflex artery and supplies lateral thigh muscles and proximal femur.

origin and course of lateral circumflex femoral artery

most likely arises from deep femoral artery but may arise from femoral artery

supplies most of blood to head and neck of femur. it's branches are posterior retinacular arteries.

passes deep between iliopsoas and pectineus to reach posterior aspect of femoral neck where it runs deep to quadratus femoris

origin and course of medial circumflex femoral artery

come from deep femoral artery

wrap around posterior aspect of femur

feed hamstrings, adductor magnus and vastus lateralis

course and distribution of perforating arteries

continuation of posterior tibial veins

superficial to and in the same fibrous sheath as popliteal artery throughout course

popliteal v becomes femoral vein in adductor hiatus

small saphenous enters popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

popliteal vein course

continuation of femoral artery

begins where femoral artery passes adductor hiatus

passes through popliteal fossa

ends by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

branches into genicular arteries to feed the knee joint

muscular branches feed hamstrings, gastrocnemeus, soleus and plantaris

popliteal artery course and distribution

superior lateral, superior medial, inferior lateral and inferior medial genicular arteries feed the area of the knee joint capsule and ligaments.

list the genicular arteries and area of the body

anterior branch of popliteal artery - smaller than posterior branch

supplies anterior compartment of the leg

begins at inferior border of popliteus m. and pierces interosseus membrane

becomes dorsalis pedis artery

course and distribution of anterior tibial a

supplies posterior compartment of leg and plantar area of foot

larger branch of popliteal artery

after if gives off fibular artery, passes inferomedially on posterior surface of tibialis posterior and then runs posterior to medial malleolus.

divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries

course and distribution of posterior tibial a.

largest branch of posterior tibial a. Arises near distal border of popliteus

descends obliquely toward fibula, usually through flexor hallucis longus

gives off muscular branches to posterior and lateral compartment of leg, nutrient artery of the fibula, and perforating branch of fibular artery which pierces the interosseus membrane and goes to the dorsum of the foot

course and distribution of fibular artery

from posterior tibial artery

courses laterally between first and second layer of plantar muscles continues into deep plantar arch

course of lateral plantar artery

beings at base of fifth metatarsal as continuation of lateral plantar artery

courses between third and fourth muscle layers

unites lateral plantar artery and deep plantar artery (branch of dorsal artery)

deep plantar arch gives rise to four plantar metatarsal arteries, three perforating branches and branches to skin, fascia, and muscles in the sole

course of plantar arch

feeds the muscles of the great toes and skin on the medial side of the sole

branch of posterior tibial artery

branches common plantar digitial a --> proper plantar digital a.

course and distribution of medial plantar artery

direct continuation of dorsalis pedis artery

begins midway between the malleoli and runs anteromedially deep to inferior extensor retinaculum between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons on the foot

feeds the forefoot

gives off lateral tarsal artery, arcuate a, deep plantar a, and dorsal metatarsal a.

course and distribution of dorsalis pedis

branch of dorsalis pedis artery

deep to extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis

supplies extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis and articulations o the tarsus

course and distribution of lateral tarsal artery

branch of dorsalis pedis a

it passes laterally, over the bases of the lateral four metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the extensor digitorum brevis

terminates in lateral tarsal artery

communicates with plantar arteries through perforating arteries of the foot

course and distribution of arcuate artery

branch of dorsalis pedis

passes deeply between the heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle to enter the sole of the foot where it joints the lateral plantar artery to form the deep plantar arch

course and distribution of deep plantar artery

branches of dorsalis pedis.

each dorsal metatarsal arteries run to the cleft of the toe where they divide into two dorsal digital arteries

course of dorsal metatarsal arteries

branches of dorsal metatarsal arteries

run along each side of phalanges

course of dorsal digital arteries