TO TRANSMIT AND GENERATE MESSAGES (NERVE IMPULSES) FROM ONE PART OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER.

THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS THE NEURON. WHAT IS THE MAJOR FUNCTION OF THIS CELL TYPE?

1. ASTROCYTES, HELPS REGULATE THE EXTRACELLULAR COMPOSITION OF BRAIN FLUID.

2. EPENDYMAL CELLS, SECRETES CEREBROSPINAL FLUID & HELPS MOVE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD.

3. MICROGLIA, ARE PHAGOCYTIC CELLS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

4. OLIGODENDROCYTES, FORM PART OF THE MYELIN SHEATHS OF AXONS WITHIN THE CNS.

NAME FOUR TYPES OF NEUROGLIA IN THE CNS, AND LIST A FUNCTION FOR EACH OF THESE CELLS.

SCHWANN CELLS

NAME THE PNS GLIAL CELL THAT FORMS MYELIN.

SATELLITE CELLS

NAME THE PNS GLIAL CELL THAT SURROUNDS DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD COLLECTIVELY

NEUROGLIA

SPECIALIZED SUPPORTING CELLS IN THE CNS

SYNAPSE

JUNCTION OR POINT OF CLOSE CONTACT BETWEEN NEURONS

NERVE

A BUNDLE OF NERVE PROCESSES INSIDE THE CNS

INTERNEURON

NEURON SERVING AS PART OF THE CONDUCTION PATHWAY BETWEEN SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS

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TRACT

GANGLIA AND SPINAL AND CRANIAL NERVES

GANGLION

COLLECTION OF NERVE CELL BODIES FOUND OUTSIDE THE CNS

EFFERENT NEURON

NEURON THAT CONDUCTS IMPULSES AWAY FROM THE CNS TO MUSCLES AND GLANDS

AFFERENT NEURON

NEURON THAT CONDUCTS IMPULSES TOWARD THE CNS FROM THE BODY PERIPHERY

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

CHEMICALS RELEASED BY NEURONS THAT STIMULATE OR INHIBIT OTHER NEURONS OR EFFECTORS

AXON HILLOCK

REGION OF THE CELL BODY FROM WHICH THE AXON ORIGINATES

AXON TERMINAL

SECRETES NEUROTRANSMITTERS

DENDRITE

RECEPTIVE REGION OF A NEURON

MYELIN SHEATH

INSULATES THE NERVE FIBERS

NEURONAL CELL BODY

SITE OF THE NUCLEUS AND MOST IMPORTANT METABOLIC AREA

NEUROFIBRIL

MAY BE INVOLVED IN THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE NEURON

NISSL BODIES

ESSENTIALLY ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, IMPORTANT METABOLICALLY

AXON

IMPULSE GENERATOR AND TRANSMITTER

DRAW A "TYPICAL" MULTIPOLAR NEURON. INCLUDE ANDD LABEL THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES ON YOUR DIAGRAM: CELL BODY, NUCLEUS, NUCLEOLUS, nISSL bODIES, DENDRITES, AXON, AXON COLLATERAL BRANCH, MYELIN SHEATH, NODES OF RANVIER, AXON TERMINALS, AND NEUROFIBRILS.

NEUROTRANSMITTER

WHAT SUBSTANCE IS FOUND IN SYNAPTIC VESICLES OF THE AXON TERMINAL?

IT DIFFUSES ACROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT TO BIND TO MEMBRANE RECEPTORS ON THE NEXT NEURON; INITIATING AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT (SYNAPTIC POTENTIAL).

WHAT ROLE DOES THIS SUBSTANCE PLAY IN NEUROTRANSMISSION? (NEUROTRANSMITTER)

THEIR DIFFERENTIATED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF PROCESSES ATTACHED TO THE CELL BODY.

WHAT ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTIC DETERMINES WHETHER A PARTICULAR NEURON IS CLASSIFIED AS UNIPOLAR, BIPOLAR, AND MULTIPOLAR?

MAKE A SIMPLE LINE DRAWING OF EACH TYPE:
UNIPOLAR, BIPOLAR, OR MULTIPOLAR

CORRECTLY IDENTIFY THE SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURON, INTERNEURON (ASSOCIATION NEURON), AND MOTOR (EFFERENT) NEURON IN THE FIGURE.

SENSORY (AFFERENT) NEURON

WHICH OF THESE NEURON TYPES IS/ARE UNIPOLAR?

INTERNEURON (ASSOCIATION NEURON)

WHICH IS/ARE MOST LIKELY MULTIPOLAR?

SCHWANN CELLS WRAP THEMSELVES TIGHTLY AROUND THE AXON IN A JELLYROLL FASHION; AND THE NEURILEMMA IS A EXPOSED PLASMA MEMBRANE, HAS MANY SCHWANN CELLS AND IS A DISCONTINOUS SHEATH.

DESCRIBE HOW THE SCHWANN CELLS FROM THE MYELIN SHEATH AND THE NEURILEMMA ENCASING THE NERVE PROCESSES.

A NERVE IS A BUNDLE OF NEURON FIBERS (AXONS) WRAPPED IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERING THAT EXTENDS TO AND FROM THE CNS AND VISCERAL ORGANS OR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY PERIPHERY.

WHAT IS A NERVE?

ENDONEURIUM - INNER MOST LAYER, AN ADDITIONAL SHEATH THAT SURROUNDS THE MYELIN SHEATH.

PERINEURIUM - MIDDLE LAYER, BOUNDS GROUPS OF FIBERS, FORMS BUNDLES OF FIBERS.

EPINEURIUM - OUTER MOST LAYER, BOUNDS FASCICLES TOGETHER, FORMS THE CORDLIKE NERVE.

STATE THE LOCATION OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERINGS.

ENDONEURIUM, PERINEURIUM, EPINEURIUM

TO INSULATE FROM OTHER PROCESSES AND TO BIND AND FORM BUNDLES, AND TO PROTECT.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPINGS FOUND IN A NERVE?

A NERVE CARRYING BOTH SENSORY (AFFERENT) AND MOTOR (EFFERENT) FIBERS. MOST NERVES OF THE BODY, INCLUDING ALL SPINAL NERVES ARE MIXED NERVES.

DEFINE MIXED NERVE

IDENTIFY ALL INDICATED PARTS OF THE NERVE SECTION.