Exercise 9: Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages

1. sharp,slender process
   spine
2. small rounded projection
   tubercle
3. narrow ridge of bone
   crest
4. large rounded projection
   tuberosity
5. structure supported on neck
   head
6. armlike projection
   ramus
7. rounded, convex projection
   condyle
8. narrow opening
   fissure
9. Canal-like structure
   Meatus
10. Round or oval opening through a bone
    Foramen
11. Shallow depression
    Fossa
12. Air-filled cavity
    Sinus
13. Large, irregularly shaped projection
    Trochanter
14. Raised area on or above a condyle
    Epicondyle
15. Projection or prominence
    Process
16. smooth, nearly flat articular surface
    facet
17. long bones
    The four major anatomical classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular. Which category has the least amount of spongy bone relative to its total volume?
18. 
    
19. 
    
20. 
    
21. F, epiphysis
    contains spongy bone in adults
22. C, diaphysis
    made of compact bone
23. J, Red Bone Marrow
    site of blood cell formation
24. D, endosteum & I, periosteum
    major submembranous site of osteoclasts
25. C, diaphysis
    scientific term for bone shaft
26. G, Medullary Cavity
    contains fat in adult bones
27. E, Epiphyseal line
    growth plate remnant
28. D, endosteum & I, periosteum
    major submembranous site of osteoblasts
29. compact bone diaphysis looks solid, practically without holes or gaps-
    
    spongy bone is metaphysis and the epiphysis on the other hand are composed of thousands of spicules or trabeculae of bone, interconnected
    What differences between compact and spongy bone can be seen with the naked eye?
30. The Periosteum serves as an attachment point for muscles and bones through tendons and ligaments.
    What is the function of the periosteum?
31. The path is: Periosteum, Perforating Canals, Central Canals, Canaliculi, Lancunae, Osteocytes
    Trace the route taken by nutrients through the bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna.
32. layers of bony matrix around a central canal
    concentric lamellae
33. site of osteocytes
    lacunae
34. longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves
    central canal
35. minute canals connecting osteocytes of an osteon
    canaliculi
36. inorganic salts deposited in organic ground substances
    matrix
37. A. Canaliculi
    B. Concentric Lamellae
    C. Lacunae
    D. Central canal
    E. Matrix
    On the photomicrograph of bone on the right (365x), identify all structures maned in the key and bracket an osteon.
38. Gives bone flexibility & strength
    What is the function of the organic matrix in bone?
39. Collagen fibers, osteocytes
    Name the important organic bone components
40. Gives bone hardness & compressional strength.
    Calcium salts form the bulk of the inorganic material in bone. What is the function of the calcium salts?
41. baking removes what from bone? ORGANIC
    soaking in acid removes? MINERALS
    Baking removes _______________ from bone. Soaking bone in acid removes _________________.
42. The cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side are continuing to grow and divide mitotically, while the ones on the diaphyseal side are aging, dying and then osteoblasts move in to form bone.
    Compare and contrast events occurring on the epiphyseal and diaphyseal faces of the epiphyseal plate?
43. Elastic
    Type of cartilage that supports the external ear
44. Fibrocartilage
    Type of cartilage between the vertebrae
45. Hyaline
    Type of cartilage that forms the walls of the voice box (larynx)
46. Elastic
    Type of cartilage that forms the epiglottis
47. Hyaline
    Type of cartilage forming the articular cartilages
48. Fibrocartilage
    Type of cartilage that forms the meniscus
49. Hyaline
    Type of cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum
50. Fibrocartilage
    Type of cartilage thats the most effective at resisting compression
51. Elastic
    The most springy and flexible type of cartilage
52. Hyaline
    The most abundant type of cartilage