1. stratified squamous epithelium
2. Keratinocytes
3. Keratin
4. Melanocytes

The two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, and __1__, which forms the epidermis.
Most cells of the epidermis are __2__. The protein __3__ makes the dermis tough and leather like. The specialized cells that produce the pigments that
contribute to skin color are called __4__.

1. prevents desiccation
2. prevents bacterial invasion
3. protects against thermal damage
4. protects against UV radiation.

Four protective functions of the skin are?

stratum lucidum

translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils

stratum corneum and stratum lucidum

dead cells

papilliary layer

dermal layer responsible for finger prints

dermis as a whole

vascular region

epidermis as a whole

major skin area that produces derivatives(nails and hair)

stratum basale

epidermal area exhibiting the most rapid cell division

stratum corneum

scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, constantly slough off

stratum spinosum

mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments

dermis as a whole

has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers

stratum basale

location of melanocytes and tactile (merkle) cells

stratum spinosum

area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear

papillary layer

region of areolar connective tissue

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laminated

_____________ granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusion through the epidermis

fibroblasts

fibers in the dermis are produced by ______________.

sebaceous and apocrine glands

glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the ____________________ glands.

epidermal dendritic or langerhans cells

phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called _____________________________.

tactile or Merkel disc

a unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a __________________.

stratum lucidum

What layer is present in the thick skin but not in thin skin?

desmosomes

What cell-to-cell structure holds the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?

vitamin D3

What substance is manufactured in the skin that plays a role in calcium absorption elsewhere in the body?

free nerve endings for pain, temperature, messiners corpuscles for touch in the hairless skin, pacinian corpuscles for pressure

List the sensory receptors found in the dermis of the skin:

A blue cast to the skin

A nurse tells a doctor that a patient is cyanotic. Define cyanotic.

Inadequate oxygenation of the blood

What does cyanotic presence imply?

localized area of tissue necrosis and death

What is a bedsore (decubitus ulcer)?

pressure areas point of increased pressure over bony areas restrict the blood supply to the area

Why do ulcers occur?

sebaceous glands

Produces an accumulation of oily material that is known as a blackhead

arrector pili

Tiny muscles, attached to hair folicles, that pull the hair upright during fright or cold

sweat gland---eccrine

Perspiration glands with a role in temperature control

hair follicle

Sheath formed of both epithelial and connective tissues

sweat gland--apocrine

Less numerous type of perspiration-prouducing gland; found mainly in the pubic and axillary regions

sebaceous glands

Found everywhere on the body except the palms of hands and soles of the feet

nail and hair

Primarily dead/keratinized cells

cutaneous receptors

Specialized nerve ending that respond to temperature, touch, etc.

sebaceous glands

Secretes a lubricant for hair and skin

nail

"sports" a lunule and cuticle

1. When capillary blood dlow to the skin and enhanced by nervous system controls, heat radiates from the skin surface; restriction of blood flow conserves body heat.
2. Activity of sweat glands i.e., when perspiration evaporates from the skin surface, heat is lost.

Describe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature:

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The starch

With what substance in the bond paper does the iodine painted on the skin react?

Palm

Based on class data, which skin area--the forearm or palm of hand--has more sweat glands?

Face and Axillae

Which other body areas would if tested prove to have a high density of sweat glands?

Nervous system

What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat glands?

The pattern of your epidermal ridges is unique and does not change during your lifetime. Everyones fingerprint was made different, therefore this is a useful way for people to identify one another.

Why can fignerprints be used to identify individuals?

Loops, Arches and Whorls

Name the three common fingerprint patterns: